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Interview with magician Jeff McBride

Interview with magician Jeff McBride
WHO IS JEFF MCBRIDE?
Chances are you are reading this article because you already have some interest in magic. So maybe you've already heard of the name Jeff McBride. If you have, you'll already be familiar with his credentials, so you'll be itching to get straight the good stuff and read what he's got to say, because you know it's going to be worth reading.
But if you haven't heard of Jeff McBride before, let me tell you why this interview is a must-read: ● Are you into card magic? Jeff has been doing card magic his whole life, and is one of the very best in the world at card manipulation and sleight of hand. He has also been running his famous Magic & Mystery School for over 30 years. ● Are you into cardistry? Jeff's instructional Art of Card Manipulation videos were some of the foundational materials that shaped fathers of the cardistry movement like Dan and Dave Buck. Card manipulation is his speciality, and if there's anyone that we can learn a thing or two about card handling from, it's him. ● Are you into card collecting? Jeff's entire career has been built with a deck of cards in his hands, and he also collects some playing card memorabilia himself.
So if you are a magic enthusiast in any way, this is a wonderful opportunity to learn from one of the greatest living card men. We were delighted when Jeff agreed to do this interview with us, and couldn't wait to hear some of his thoughts about various topics relating to his own career with playing cards. We even got opportunity to visit him at his own place, and take some photos of his memorabilia and more, which we have permission to show our readers for the first time! But first let's share some of his credentials, so that we can appreciate what he has to say in the context of his own accomplishments and achievements.

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Jeff McBride the Performer
Jeff McBride has had a love for magic that goes back to his childhood in New York's Catskill mountains, where he grew up. As a young boy he stumbled across The Golden Book of Magic in a library, which quickly became his first magic Bible. He performed gigs locally, did street performances, and eventually moved to Las Vegas, where he successfully built a career in magic, and performs his award-winning stage magic and runs a magic school.
His performance style is highly praised for its unique blend of traditional magic with a form of Japanese theater called kabuki. Drawing on an unusual mix of skills that includes martial arts, philosophy, and more, Jeff's stage act combines an unorthodox blend of sleight of hand with masks and mime, to create a unique show like no other. Besides his "home" stage in Las Vegas, he's performed on stages and in theaters around the world, including touring with The Illusionists. A Jeff McBride show never fails to showcase his dynamic, innovative, and creative personality, from someone who has proven himself over time to be a master entertainer, showman, and sleight-of-hand artist.
Jeff McBride's list of awards is too lengthy to cover all of them. But to mention just a few, he's received recognition from exclusive and respected organizations, including "Magician of the Year" by The Magic Castle's The Academy of Magic Arts and "Magician of the Year" by the Society of American Magicians. In 2018 the International F?d?ration Internationale des Societes Magiques (FISM) gave him their "Theory & Philosophy Special Award", in tribute for his lifetime contribution to magic from a viewpoint that is analytical and academic. This illustrious award has previously been given only to Tommy Wonder, Juan Tamariz, Eugene Burger, and Roberto Giobbi. Most recently in January 2020 he was inducted into the prestigious Hall of Fame by the Society of American Magicians. He is part of a very small group of living magicians that are part of this exclusive club, which includes David Copperfield and Siegfried and Roy. He's even the holder of three world records - don't worry, we'll be sure to ask him about that in our interview!
And of course he has appeared on television many times, already back in 1995 as part of the "World's Greatest Magic, and more recently on shows like Masters of Illusion, Criss Angel's Mindfreak, and Penn & Teller's Fool Us. But he's not just "another magician", as his selection as a judge for the 2008 reality celebrity-magic show Celebradabra confirms. Already more than ten years ago filmmakers produced a documentary about him, entitled Jeff McBride: A Magickal Life. This has been highly praised by magicians and viewers for how it shows his journey from a boy magician to a headline act in Las Vegas, and also his personal spiritual journey and development from a brash young man into a mature and caring magician who is keen to pass on the art of magic to the next generation. He really is one of the best.
Jeff McBride the Teacher
While the first part of his career was all about performing in his inimitable style, as the years have passed Jeff McBride has more and more mellowed into a highly respected teacher, with a keen interest in sharing his wisdom with others, and helping young magicians develop their skills in magic. Besides many written works, he's produced best-selling and highly influential instructional videos on the art of card manipulation, and on stage magic. His current passion is to serve as a sage that helps other magicians make their dreams as performers come true.
Perhaps his crowning achievement and lasting legacy is the McBride Magic & Mystery School, which he established in 1991. This is a world-renowned training ground for stage magic, and is generally regarded as the very best and most prestigious institution in the world for receiving magic instruction. There's simply no better place for aspiring magicians to go, in order to take seminars, classes, and workshops, to help raise their magic to a higher level, and to learn the true secrets of the craft.
Highly respected magician and lecturer Eugene Burger (pictured below with Jeff McBride) served as Dean of this school until his sad passing in 2017. It was from him that Jeff learned the importance of burning one end of your own candle in order to light someone else's candle. Many leading magicians have served on the faculty or as guest instructors, including big names like Lance Burton, Johnny Thompson, and Max Maven.
Jeff McBride is a wonderful entertainer himself, but his current passion is to be a mentor to others, and he will leave a lasting stamp in the lives of many magicians of the future. But now it's time for us to sit at his feet, and learn a thing or two from his life, and about his experiences with playing cards in particular.

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THE INTERVIEW
GENERAL BACKGROUND
For those who don't know anything about you, what can you tell us about yourself and your background?
I started my career with a pack of playing cards. Now I headline Las Vegas shows, and theaters and festivals all over the world. I also run a very successful magic school in Las Vegas, and I teach online.
I am one of the first magic teachers to create a video series, and my breakthrough videos on card manipulation taught the world how to perform flourishes and card manipulation, which happened to grow into a new cardistry movement. I was fortunate enough to train with great old-school masters and I put out The Art of Card Manipulation which caught on in Asia. The material contained within those DVDs - they were VHS videos at that time - did not need words to understand how to perform the magic, so they had international appeal. Many people like An Ha Lim and leading Asian manipulators found these, and my videos were their original training tools.
What would be some of the highlights in your career in magic?
Performing at Radio City Music Hall, the largest theater in the world with no screen support, no image magnification, and performing my card manipulation routine. The only other person that had that experience was Cardini. That was one of the highlights.
And of course, being inducted into the Society of American Magicians Hall of Fame. Also winning the FISM Special Award for Theory and Philosophy was a highlight. That's an award I share with Tommy Wonder, Juan Tamariz, and Eugene Burger.
How would you describe the style of the amazing act that you are known for?
I call it "sorcerer" style, which is very fiery and dynamic. There are many types of card routines, and mine is very explosive and dynamic. In fact during my touring seasons with the hit show The Illusionists, the closing number of the show was my card routine, just before the snow storm sequence. So my card routine can fill a giant theater. At that time of The Illusionists we were working a 7,000 seat theater. So my motto was "pack small, play big."
What were your major influences for this style of performance?
My influences came from many directions. I realized early on that performing standard magic was not a path to success. It was a path to working weddings, bar mitzvahs and birthday parties. In order to break out, I had to become a much more dynamic performer and I added other skillsets I had studied, like classic pantomime theater, which I'd studied at the American Mime Theater. I combined martial arts and my passion for masks and quick change, and dance. And it was this fusion of all of these different theatrical elements that made a huge difference. It was much more than magic, it was a total theatrical experience.
Where can people go to see you perform today?
I teach magic on a platform called MagicFlix. There's performances and tutorials. It's the world's leading streaming platform for magic. So you can immediately see me there. If you want to trial it, all you have to do is go to MagicFlix's website, enter your information, and put in the code MCBRIDE, and you can get 30 days for free. You can see not only myself, but the great masters of magic, and some of the great card magicians in history, as well as learn my card manipulation sequences.
Also if you want to see my live shows, I perform in Las Vegas at Wonderground, which is the longest running independent variety magic show in the history of Las Vegas. It is not attached to a casino, so we can do some pretty wild stuff! That's been running 11 years, and has hosted more variety entertainers on its stage than any other stage in Las Vegas.
What should we know about the McBride Magic & Mystery School, which has now been running for around 30 years?
It's now over 30 years. The McBride Magic and Mystery School came out of a great desire to study with masters. The challenge I see these days is that most people are learning magic from their peers, from people in their own age group. And not necessarily looking up the ladder at masters that have achieved great amounts of success.
So what I did 30 years ago, is I decided to host a retreat for masters to come and teach hungry students, mostly professionals, that were willing to empty their cup and fill up on wisdom and on the experience of great masters. And over the years we've had Eugene Burger, Johnny Thompson, Max Maven and many, many other masters come to the school to help our students understand the path to mastery. So not just learning from your pals online or at magic class, but really top-down training from experts in the field.
What are some of your interests outside of magic?
I spend a lot of time going to other conferences learning more skills on how to facilitate life-transforming experiences. So I spend a lot of time still studying how to teach more effectively, both in person and online.

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MAGIC
What quality in magic makes it so enjoyable for people to watch?
I think there is not one thing. People like engineers have a really different relationship with magic; if you watch them squint their eyes and wrinkle their forehead while they watch magic, they're only interested in the puzzle aspect. Other people are interested more in the mystery aspect. So there's different types of audiences. There's the audiences that like to sit there and try to figure the tricks out. And then there's the audiences that like to sit back and enjoy the mystery.
I was having this conversation with Judge Gary Brown, who's a wonderful magician, creator, inventor, and writer. He sent me a quote from Dariel Fitzkee, which talks about "Is magic more than fooling?" Fitzkee says - and this is written up in The Fitzkee Trilogy - "Don't put too much stress on the trick itself as a mystery. Your audiences might suddenly think of television, which is much more miraculous. Stress it in terms of human interests, of human relationships, of character response, of human situations. If the mystery were important, the much greater miracles of our everyday world would far outshadow it. Method is important only as a means of accomplishing a desired end, like the grindstone which sharpens the headman's ax. The ultimate objective is something entirely different."
Our Dean of the Mystery School, Larry Hass, entered this conversation and read it like this: "It isn't not knowing or fooling that is important, and it isn't even encountering mystery. It is what a human artist expresses about humanity and life itself that is the real core of the experience of magic." Penn and Teller do both: making it hard with the fooling method, but their show and their stories are also about issues in politics, in relationships, in critical thinking, in skepticism. They have many, many presentational frames that are about more than just mystery or fooling.
That's what I saw in Eugene Burger so many years ago. His magic was coming from a deep, philosophical perspective and experience that gave it a richer meaning than just Instagram magic and flashy, "How does he do that?" sort of stuff that is so pervasive on YouTube and social media. Perhaps performers will soon be able to give more depth to their magic instead of just what I call eye-candy. My goal is to transform eye-candy into soul food.
What first sparked your interest in magic?
I talk about it at the end of my show each and every day. My life was changed forever when a magician said, "Pick a card." And this magician was actually a young girl named Linda Van Etten who had a twin sister named Susan, and they knew card tricks. And they showed me a card trick, and from that moment on I knew what I wanted to do. It was a card reversal in a deck with a card turned face up in the deck. I was six years old at the time. And by seven years old I was deep into magic.
I think sometimes we forget - because magic and cards are so familiar to us - that the simple task of having somebody pick a card can change their lives. That's an important thing to remember.
What is the key to your longevity in the magic industry over several decades, and what keeps you going as a performer and teacher?
I think my longevity is due to being able to adapt and recreate myself to make my magic relevant at the different stages of a magician's life. At the Mystery School there's kind of a typology that we use: "The trickster, the sorcerer, the oracle, and the sage." Those are the four stages of the magician's life. From learning simple tricks, to being able to perform, to learning all of the meaning and interior worlds of magic, and then being able to pass that knowledge onto the magicians of the future.
I've worn the mask of the trickster in my younger days, and in mid-life, the sorcerer, burning up stages all over the world. And then taking time out to reflect and look inside for meaning and taking time for introspection. I'm now at the stage of my life of being able to pass on a lifetime of wisdom and experience to future students. So I think it's a process of reinvention that has helped me endure and keep my passion for magic.
I try to read as much as I can. I try to watch as much as I can. I try to get together live with magicians as much as I can. And teach and go study as much as I can. Zero TV. I have not had a working TV in my home since 1979. Most people spend way too much time on the internet and television, and way too much time on Facebook and social media.
What's the path to mastery: Facebook and social media? Or reading and practicing and videoing and refining your show? That's not for everyone, because that's not everyone's goal. Some people are very content to sit on magic forums and ask "What's the best trick? What's the best three tricks for close up?". That's okay, but that's not getting real world experience and going out and doing it.

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How important is one's own personality in performing magic, and how did this play a role in your own career?
I think that magicians discover their personality through performance. I know that I have become many different versions of Jeff McBride over the years. Because when we're young, magic is just about learning the trick, and doing it and getting the `wow'. Then as we get older, magic gets to be a way of interacting and getting a social edge, and being able to be seen and stand out from the crowd. And if people pursue it more, they develop a personality and a connection to performing magic that might take them around the world. Or just to make them the hit at the family reunion, so that people can have a peaceful time at the Thanksgiving table!
People have different reasons for performing magic at different times in their lives. Some people use it to compete. Other people use it to teach and instruct. Other people use it to wind down after a hard day's work. But I think magic is a way to develop aspects of your personality. And I think that is a very powerful role that magic plays in our lives.
Are there differences in how an amateur and a professional approach magic?
Absolutely. I started reading a blog and books on a website called The Jerx, which is a very opinionated, very humorously yet potently written blog about magic from an amateur's point of view. Different rules apply if you want to be a professional: there's costuming, there's lighting, there's sound, there is scripting, and all of these other theatrical components that are essential in creating a theatrical magical experience, if that is your goal.
However the writer at The Jerx - and I really am entertained and often enlightened by his writing - has a completely contrary view to this. Instead of me trying to rehash his personal experience writing and philosophy, if you are an amateur magician and want to read about other people's opinion on amateur magic and non-professional magic, just take a visit to The Jerx - you'll find some very interesting information there.
It was a wake up call to me, because not everybody that performs magic wants to be professional. Some people just want to do it for their friends and have fun, and that's a perfectly satisfying lifestyle of magic. And they don't need scripting and they don't need all of the other requirements of the theater, because they're not working in theater; they're just doing it for their friends at the office. And that's perfectly fine.
However, the rules do change when you get up onstage in front of 5,000-6,000 people in a theater! Then you need to consider some of those elements.
But as Eugene Burger reminds us, "There are many rooms in the house of magic." There are many rooms for all of us, including rooms for the people that are passionate amateurs, whom I call "enthusiasts". I don't like the word "amateur" myself, so I use the word "enthusiast", because there are many great magic enthusiasts that have never been full time and professional magicians. And that's perfectly valid. Magic is not about tricks, and magic is not gauged on the box office success. Magic is really a way to enhance the quality of your life, and there's many ways to do that. If a person is collecting cards, they don't have to collect every deck to feel complete, they can collect the ones they like, and that's fine, right? Everybody has their own path to walk.
How has the magic industry changed since you first became involved in it, and how has technology impacted it?
It's a double-edged sword. We talk about YouTube and Instagram and all these different ways that people consume magic, but most of this magic is eye-candy and very shallow. There are archives of great performers on YouTube, but it's still mediated and it's not the same as being there.
It makes me sad when I see a clip of Fred Kaps on YouTube and then some bozo going, "Fake, fake, fake, he has a thing in his hand, it's frame 725!" My response would be: "You're critiquing Fred Kaps? Go practice. Don't be giving critiques to Fred Kaps, who won FISM like three times, hello? And you're 14, and you've stopped a frame because you've watched it 15 times, and you're so clever, really?" That's what hurts magic, I think.
What also hurts is when you look up a great performer, say Cardini, and right next to it there are sixteen YouTube clips of 12 year old kids in their pajamas teaching a bad back palm, just because they want clicks and hits on their YouTube site. It's disgraceful. So that's what hurts magic.
However technology has also made possible sites like MagicFlix, which have a bit of a firewall to them, so that people have to be invited to it to get there. Those people that have serious passion can now study with all of the great masters. They can study with Karrell Fox, Jay Marshall, Tom Mullica, Johnny Thompson, Daryl, and so many others. And it's very convenient for learning. So that's the good side of it.
When people get interested in magic on the internet, hopefully they'll find a teacher. But what mostly happens today is they just stay online. That's not really learning magic, that's collecting secrets. That's collecting postage stamps. That's not transforming these into meaningful, magical experiences.
What we do at Mystery School is create a learning environment that's a safe place for people to come to, in order to really study the secrets of magic. Everyone here signs a secrecy agreement, so that the things that we teach won't be bastardized by exposure on the internet. We feel that Mystery School is one of the last great holdouts of secret information. When all of the secrets are just out there, there is no magic. There has to be secrecy, in order to create very effective magic.
And we keep working and innovating, and looking through the old books and digging out the gems, polishing them up, and fusing them with new materials and new technology to create hybrid magic effects that have never been seen before. That's a passion of ours: resurrecting some of these old magic gems and bringing them to new audiences.
So there's a struggle, these days with exposure. But the good news is that it's just too much for any one person to observe. A lot of the real secrets of magic are in the books. The internet is just a little tiny tip of the huge iceberg of magical literature that is hidden away. Many people call themselves, as Scott Alexander puts it, "visual learners." That means they don't read books. That means they won't ever have the depth of knowledge of someone that can learn visually and can read books. They cut off more than half of the resources that exist for them, and that's a shame.

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What is the most difficult trick you ever performed, and what made it so hard?
Double One-Handed Waterfall. I used to have showdowns with Ricky Jay on the streets of Madrid, Spain. Ricky and I would basically do cowboy showdowns, gun-slinging with cards, late at night. We were attending the FISM convention in Madrid, and we'd have challenges back and forth with card spinning. He definitely could throw much further, but I definitely could do a One-Handed Waterfall in each hand. That's probably the most difficult feat. I actually performed it, I believe, on The Art of Card Manipulation, in one of the little quick cuts.
Do have any good stories you can share about a magician "fail" that you experienced?
There's an old formula that says, "Tragedy plus time equals comedy." All magicians have challenges and barriers on stage, and so have I. In the moment, they're never fun, but you can retell these stories to friends. Everybody has war stories! Let's see if I have one that stands out...
I remember being on stage, and I had to pull some paper ribbons out of my mouth, and then I produced a dove from the paper ribbons. Then I would secretly switch out that bird for a rubber bird, and put it in a paper bag. I would blow up the paper bag, then pop the paper bag, and little feathers would drop out. However, on this day I was pulling the paper ribbons out, and I decided to use scissors to cut the paper ribbons, and I cut a hole inside my lip! I quickly shut my mouth, and my mouth filled with blood. This was my grand finale - I'm thinking "Oh, this is very bad," but the audience can't see anything yet.
So I get to the part where I produce the live dove, and I switch it for the rubber dove, and put it in the bag. But now I have to blow up the bag - I didn't see that coming! And I figure this is a really good time to get all that blood out of my mouth. So I blow up the bag, and it's filling with blood. And when I pop the bag, there's nothing but blood and feathers everywhere, and people screaming! Some teenagers thought it was just so rock and roll, and other mothers and children thought it was so horrible. It was this mixture of some people going out of their mind applauding, and other people going out of their mind screaming. So we never know - even when the worst can go wrong, people will still love it!
How would you like to be remembered in the magic community, and what accomplishments would you still like to make?
I feel like I already am remembered in the magic community. I've accomplished more than all my childhood dreams: headlining Vegas, Magic Castle Magician of the Year, Hall of Fame, FISM Award winner, Guinness World Records - I've done a lot.
Now my goal is to help other people's dreams. So when I see a student of mine like Mat Franco win America's Got Talent and get his own show in Vegas, and my student Aaron Crow win on Britain's Got Talent and come on America's Got Talent with a magic routine that I'd helped him design - that's what I want to be remembered for. When I have students getting their own shows and winning awards. I'm a magic teacher, and I love to give. That's what I love to do now. I still tour and perform internationally all the time, but my passion right now is teaching and helping other people achieve their dreams.
What is one piece of work you have released that you'd like to be remembered by, or which might be of interest to the playing card enthusiast?
Anybody that watches Jeff McBride The Art of Card Manipulation will see how I researched all of the old school material and the stuff that I'd learned in my generation, and put it all together in one place. Those are the videos that the Buck twins - Dave and Dan - saw. Many of the people that first started card manipulation and cardistry saw me on those World's Greatest Magic specials back in the '90s that were filmed at Caesar's Palace. This was one of the first modern versions of card manipulation on TV.
So I think my series on The Art of Card Manipulation imprinted a lot of young magicians, young card handlers, and then the cardistry movement. I was not singularly responsible for that, but The Art of Card Manipulation was definitely essential fuel for it, because it was the most comprehensive card manipulation series ever put out.
What advice would you give to a young person just starting to learn card magic or card manipulation?
Learn from your pals, but study in person with a great master. It will shave years off your learning curve.
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CONCLUSION
It takes a lot for the Society of American Magicians to vote you into their Hall of Fame, especially when you're still active performing and teaching. Jeff McBride is one of the few in the world who can lay claim to being part of that select group.
Jeff is first and foremost a performer with a love for entertaining people, and the unique combination of elements that helps make his stage act stand out from other performers will always be a memorable trademark style that people associate with his name. But perhaps his lasting legacy will be the new role he has taken on as a sage and mentor to others. His Magic & Mystery School has been instrumental in producing new magicians who will continue to entertain us in years to come.
With this interview we've had a wonderful opportunity to have a glimpse of his thinking and learn about some of his experiences. Thank you Mr McBride for all that you've given to magic! May this inspire all of us to turn that pack of playing cards in our hands as a tool to develop our own skills, and to share our love for the arts with those around us!
Where to learn more? Check out Jeff McBride's resources here: - McBride Magic: Official site, promo video - Performance videos: Fool Us (2017), Masters of Illusion (2009), Masters of Illusion (2017) - Card manipulation: "Shaman Cards" performance, "King of Cards" performance - Magic & Mystery School: Official site, shop, Facebook - Social media: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube - Teaching resources: MagicFlix (code: MCBRIDE), Art of Card Manipulation DVDs, Essential Card Manipulation video

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Author's note: I first published this article at PlayingCardDecks here.
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Token del FC Barcelona inició una segunda etapa de ventas, tras agotarse en dos horas

Token del FC Barcelona inició una segunda etapa de ventas, tras agotarse en dos horas

Barcelona and chiliz
El FC Barcelona inició la segunda etapa de venta del token BAR, moneda digital con la cual apasionados del balompié europeo participan por recompensas y productos exclusivos del conjunto catalán, también pueden participar con su voto en encuestas que realice el club.
En el primer día de ventas, token BAR tuvo un costo de 2 euros por unidad y desde este miércoles 24 de junio el precio de las fichas como está determinado por la oferta y la demanda oscila los 6,36 dólares, de acuerdo con el portal Coinmarketcap.com.
El token BAR es uno de los nuevos acuerdos comerciales y de marketing que realiza el Fútbol Club Barcelona, para acercar a la oncena con sus fanáticos.
En la primera etapa de ventas del token BAR, se comercializaron 600 mil fichas a través los portales socios.com y chiliz.net en más de 100 países del mundo. Además, se pudo conocer que en los primeros cuatro días de subasta más de 400 mil fanáticos aportaron 2.3 millones de dólares en ganancias al FC Barcelona.
El plan de la directiva del Barcelona, antes de iniciar la pandemia mundial por Covid-19, era lanzar en un futuro cercano 40 millones de token BAR para un mercado que supera los 360 millones de aficionados, distribuidos en más de de 50 países del mundo.
Con el éxito de esta nueva moneda digital, Chiliz.net limitó la producción de token BAR a 40 millones fichas.
Aquellas personas que tienen acceso al token del FC Barcelona pueden utilizarlo para votar en la primera encuesta del conjunto catalán. El club ha estado creando mecanismos de interacción a través de sus redes sociales desde el pasado 8 de junio. También pueden votar en sondeos realizados por Socios.com, obteniendo recompensas y aumentando su rango de fanático a través de la aplicación en la plataforma.

Token BAR se popularizó en horas

El grado de interacción que ha tenido la token BAR en el mercado digital hizo que la moneda de Chilliz se popularizara esta semana en el top de 3 criptomonedas a escala mundial, una lista que lideró Bitcoin con 394 millones de interacciones, Ethereum 63 millones de interacciones y Chilliz 58 millones de interacciones.
Chilliz es una plataforma diseñada bajo la tecnología blockchain y aplicada al deporte y entretenimiento. Se tiene previsto que el acuerdo comercian entre esta plataforma y el FC Barcelona le dé un nuevo formato de interacción al mercado de los fan tokens.
Socios.com pertenece a la empresa Mediarex Group, que recaudó en 2018 unos 70 millones de dólares de inversores provenientes de Asia. También trabaja con otros clubes como el Atlético de Madrid, Juventus, AS Roma, Galatasaray, París Saint-Germain, entre otros.

¿Qué son los tokens?

Básicamente, un token es un medio digital que permite hacer transacciones a través de una plataforma. Por ejemplo, EOS, TRON, VeChain, son tokens que funcionan sobre la plataforma Ethereum, es decir no tienen autonomía.
Uno de los principales beneficios del token es que permiten hacer trades, generan soluciones a necesidades o problemas existentes y ofrecen nuevas oportunidades económicas a las personas.
Un token puede representar un derecho sobre bien o servicio, el mejor ejemplo son las fichas de un casino que al no tener un valor intrínseco se pueden intercambiar por dinero real al momento de realizar la operación.
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Card handling expert Roberto Giobbi's thoughts on playing cards

Roberto Giobbi is a highly respected magician and expert card handler, famous for his Card College series of books that teach the fundamentals of card magic. I recently did an interview with Mr Giobbi about playing cards and magic. Below I am posting some selected excerpts from this interview (with permission) that relate specifically to playing cards and the proper care and handling of a deck.
The full interview also includes additional content about magic that will be of less direct relevance to some readers in this playing cards forum, but can be found here for those who are interested: Q&A with Magician & Card Handling Expert Roberto Giobbi.
THE INTERVIEW
Do you use playing cards for anything besides card magic? (e.g. card flourishing, card games, or anything else?)
My father was an excellent card player with a photographic memory. We used to play many of the standard Italian family card games, such as Tresette, Scopa, Briscola, etc. When we came to the last hand he was able to tell me the cards I was holding! That might have been the first card trick I have been exposed to… Nowadays, when our sons come to visit every Sunday, after dinner, we play cards, mainly Swiss Jass (36 cards).
Finally: Although I do not consider myself a collector, I do have a few hundred different decks, and a well-sorted library on the subject, with some of the “classics” (d’Allemagne etc.).
Why do your refer to playing cards as your "instrument"?
Rather than calling playing cards a prop, as it is often done in the technical literature, I would like to consider them to be an instrument of the card conjurer, like the piano or the violin is an instrument to a musician, and I would even dare saying that cards are the most important and most widely used instrument in all of conjuring.
The more you know about your instrument, the more sensitively you will handle it and the more expressively you will master it, making it an extension of who you are. It is therefore imperative that you learn some facts (and speculations) regarding the origins and symbolism of playing cards, because this can form the basis for both intelligent conversations with your spectators as well as presentations for card routines.
What kind of playing cards did you first use when you started magic?
That’s a long time ago (1973)! However, I remember as if it was yesterday, that at age 14 I was given a flight from Basel to Geneva for my birthday, and that I went there with my godfather. When I got a chance I sneaked away and went to “Le Trucstore” in rue des rois in Geneva, a magic shop run by Jean Garance, who was quite a character and one of Switzerland’s few real professional magicians with an international reputation. He was most gracious, taught me a one-handed fan, and I bought the first deck of Bicycle Rider Back cards from him at the price of 12 Swiss Francs. I then used those as well as Tally-Ho Circle Back and Fan Back for years, because they appeared in the photos of the Ganson books on the card magic of Dai Vernon.
In 1978 I met Juan Tamariz, started to visit him once or twice a year in Madrid, and under his influence started to use Fournier’s Peacock 505. The printing qualities at that time were and still are superior to any USPCC card I know (the colors on the court cards, the tolerances on the white border etc.). Also they were almost flat being a bit stiffer without being fatter, you could table a face up pair with a face down card in-between, and they still appeared like two cards. With USPCC cards this was impossible, as they had a pronounced bend. The surface of the 505, however, was plastic coated, and so I had to relearn many of the sleights, especially the palms, as the cards behaved differently.
What kind of playing cards do you mostly use today, and what are the reasons for this choice?
After USPCC bought up Fournier, the quality of the cards started to change, for my taste to the worse, so I again switched back to Bicycle Rider Back and Tally-Ho Circle Back when performing for magicians, and Bee or Steamboat for gambling demos. For my professional work in front of lay audiences I still use Fournier 505, for practical reasons, since many of my special cards and decks are by them.
I still have to find the "perfect" deck – I don’t think it exists. But maybe the upcoming "Card College Playing Cards" by TCC is the one! (planned for release very soon)
How do modern decks compare with the ones you used at the start of your magic career, and how have playing cards changed over this time?
I can of course only state this from the point of view of a performing magician, which is different than that of a card player or a collector, I suppose.
For magical purposes it matters whether the cards are cut from top down or bottom up, because it influences in which direction you do a Faro Shuffle or a Perfect Table Shuffle. In recent years there has been a tendency to cut them bottom up, which favors table techniques, and shows the influence and number of amateurs in thumb field. Also, it is clear that companies do what they have to do: save as much as they can by economizing in materials in order to maximize their earnings. I cannot judge whether this is good or bad for the economy, but it certainly isn’t for the cards.
The advantage of all this is that new companies with new and creative approaches are emerging and producing cards nowadays. Still, even the good cards produced nowadays have specific characteristics, and none can satisfy the needs of all people and all purposes. Therefore the search for a good deck is made even more difficult than it used to be, because there are so many. It is similar to information: in my time it was hard to come by because there was so little, today it is hard to find, because there is so much.
What kinds of playing cards are best for card magic?
The perfect playing card does not yet exist. And most likely it never will, for not only do numerous objective and often conflicting criteria enter into the equation, but also one's personal tastes and sensibility. It may well take you years to find the cards you like best.
There are as many brands of cards as there are grains of sand on the proverbial seashore. A good card consists of three layers: a face layer, a center layer for stiffness, and a back layer. The quality of the card is determined by the quality and grain of the paper, the glue, which becomes the center layer, the treatment of the outer surfaces called "finish" as well as the precision of the printing and the all-around cut.
Among the many designations used to categorize the treatment of the outer layers of playing cards, the most commonly seen are plastic coated, linen finish, resilient linen finish, air-cushion finish, ivory finish and Nevada finish, but there are several more. Buy one of each of these decks and experiment with them. But be prepared to change your preference in the course of time. Criteria that seem important to you when you begin your study may seem less so as you become more expert. The advantage of plastic coated cards is that they last longer and generally stay flat. But they also cling less to one another, which can make them more difficult to fan evenly. Then again they are better for false deals and false shuffles, having less friction.
Should we use bridge-sized cards or poker-sized cards, and why?
The fundamental distinction is between poker-size and bridge-size cards, although there are also miniature decks and jumbo decks. Poker-size decks are somewhat wider than bridge-size decks. My advice is to use poker-size cards from the very beginning, for practical reasons. I shall outline the pros of poker-size cards:
Finally, if you practice with poker-size cards, you can always perform with bridge-size cards if offered a borrowed deck.
What kind of design is best for playing cards used for card magic?
The best back designs for the card conjurer have a white border. Prominent examples are Bicycle Rider Backs and Tally-Ho Circle Backs. Borders are more pleasing aesthetically. They also relax the eye and facilitate the execution of many techniques.
For gambling routines, though, cards with a borderless back design, particularly the Bee and Steamboat brands, are recommended, as such cards are generally used in professional gambling. This is because of the widely held belief that such cards are more difficult to mark on the back - which is a total myth.
Is it necessary to treat playing cards with fanning powder or in any other way?
Some magic books will tell you that the cards must be specially treated, but generally this is in reference to cards for the stage manipulator. Cards for close-up performances need not be treated. So forget about fanning powder, simply use a good quality new deck.
Decks with rough edges, or ones that do not spread evenly, must be broken in by handling them for several minutes, shuffling, cutting and dealing them. But stop before your perspiration penetrates the edges of the cards. Here is a simple, quick and cheap remedy for rough edges, told to me by card expert Dave Solomon of Chicago. Take a piece of relatively rough cardboard, larger than the deck. Grip the deck firmly and rub its ends and sides quickly back and forth a few times on the cardboard while pressing hard. You can also bevel the sides slightly and repeat the rubbing, doing so as you bevel the deck first one way and then the other. The cardboard acts like a very fine sandpaper and quickly smooths the edges, making them amenable to faro shuffles and other expert handling.
What other advice do you have for selecting a deck to use for card magic?
Once you have found the cards that work best for you, stick with them until you have a compelling reason to switch. Work exclusively with these cards.
Whether performing for a large or small audience, always use a new deck or one in new condition. New cards guarantee optimal execution of techniques and identify you as a polished artist, one who pays attention to detail; so don't try to skimp on this. Never forget that the deck of cards is your instrument.
What is your advice about the tuck box / card case?
The card case is not only a natural protector of the deck, but can also serve as a prop for tricks. Prepare the case so that the deck can be removed from it without unnecessary fumbling. A well-prepared case looks better, and as an adjunct to the performance is one of many details that serve to support the performer‘s image, whether he or she cultivates an elegant or informal style.
Opening the case and removing the deck can even be treated as a tiny ritual, a theatrical vignette for the audience. One might think that removing the cards from the card case is such a trivial handling that no explanation is necessary. Nothing could be further from the truth, as even in this phase of the performance, when apparently nothing is happening, signals are being transmitted to the observant spectator that reflect on the performer‘s competence and virtuosity.
I also recommend using a card clip for each performance deck and when you travel. There are many wonderful products on the market nowadays, and you will be spoilt for choice.
How do you recommend opening and preparing a new deck for use?
Most cases are shrink wrapped in cellophane. My preference is to remove the cellophane completely and throw it away. But you can also leave the cellophane on the case, removing only the upper portion, which can be separated from the lower portion by a not always user-friendly tear ribbon. This allows you to insert one or more cards between the case and the cellophane, either in front or in back of the case.
Remove the remnants of the seal that project above the semicircular cut in the front of the case. The seal remnants can be stuck to the discarded cellophane and both may then be disposed of, magically or otherwise. If these remnants are not removed, then the top card of the deck may stick to them once the flap of the card case is opened. The card expert will know how to use this to his advantage…
The flap of a card case consists of several parts, defined by three creases. Reinforce these creases by running your thumbnail along them several times. The third crease is particularly important. Many experts now favor the removal of the side tabs, either by tearing them off cleanly or cutting them off with scissors; they serve no useful purpose and can hinder and delay the replacement of the deck in the card case.
What should we consider in terms of our hands when handling playing cards?
Together with the cards as your instrument, your hands are the most important tools that actually determine the success of the magic you are going to perform. And any work of art is generally only as good as the tools employed to create it. In any case, you can only expect the best results if you care for them properly. The coordination between your thoughts and the movement of your hands is also extremely important.
How important is size of your hands and your skin type?
People with all types of skin can, of course, perform magic. But there are certain techniques that are easier for those having somewhat drier skin, whereas others are facilitated by a somewhat moister skin. The specific anatomy of your hands will make some techniques easier for you, while others will test your patience. Obviously, huge hands and long fingers better cover most sleight-of-hand. But such an attribute can also have its disadvantages.
Once you know your hand and skin type, you will take note of this relationship and patiently spend more time on some techniques than on others; and you will naturally be happy when some techniques prove easy for you. From my own experience and the result of polling many experts throughout the world, I can assure you that you can learn every technique, independent of the kind of hand and skin you have, providing you motivate yourself to devote sufficient practice to it, which - as stated earlier - can vary from hand to hand.
Does it really matter how you do basic things like dealing or spreading cards?
Dealing cards would seem to be so elementary a topic, you may wonder why it is necessary to discuss it at all. But once again there is a right way and a wrong way to do things. Initially, either would serve the purpose equally well, but for advanced techniques precise positions of the fingers are critical.
The same is true with spreading cards. This technique will be used often with the cards either face up or face down. Once again we are analyzing a procedure with which you may feel you are already completely familiar, for who has not spread the deck between the hands when picking out cards? But pay attention to the positions of the fingers and the manner in which cards are pushed from hand to hand. This technique is the foundation on which sleight of hand will also be built.
I already know how to shuffle a deck. Do I really need to re-learn how to do this?
There are different ways to shuffle a deck of cards, including in the hands, or on the table, and in the air. Even though you may think you already know how to do these moves, and indeed have probably been shuffling cards for a long time, you should learn methods to professionally do it. These methods are elegant because they are efficient and economical. However, they also use precise fingering, which will become important when you want to learn more advanced sleights based on these grips, such as jog- and break-shuffles.
It is important that you learn to do these moves properly, even if this means unlearning some handling habits. At the beginning some of the new "ways" will feel strange, but within a few days you will feel at ease with them and recognize how well they allow you to control the cards; control is what shuffling is about. Piano virtuoso Arthur Rubinstein in his autobiography states: "Virtuosity is when the artist controls his instrument, and not vice-versa."
How important is the overhand shuffle, and its technique?
Overhand shuffling is a basic tool of card conjuring. More likely than not, most of you will already have mastered a version of the overhand shuffle. But even if you have been performing the overhand shuffle since you first learned to play cards, you will soon recognize that the proper method employs a technique that feels somewhat different. The grip will probably seem a bit unconventional, and you may wonder why this retraining is necessary, since your present overhand shuffle technique is more than adequate to mix the cards.
However, as soon as we get to the first actual techniques using the overhand shuffle, such as control of top and bottom stocks or the control of selected cards, you will realize that the "family style shuffle" is totally inadequate for a precise and secure execution of such sleights. The basic method I teach is a prerequisite for successful execution of all subsequent overhand shuffle techniques. Of particular importance are the positions of the forefinger and the little finger of the left hand, as well as the way the cards are shuffled off. With a little patience and perseverance the proper technique will open a door to a big room you probably didn’t know even existed; it is the room to artistic and expert card handling. Please believe me if I say that it is worth mastering.
How important is the riffle shuffle, and its technique?
The riffle shuffle is the shuffle preferred at gambling tables. This is primarily because it was once thought that the riffle shuffle made cheating more difficult. Today there is more literature devoted to various riffle shuffle techniques than to any other shuffle. Anything you can do with an overhand shuffle can be done with a riffle shuffle, and much more besides.
Although most card players know and use the riffle shuffle today, many people still find it fascinating when it is neatly performed, perhaps partly because of its association with gambling and its lore. You should therefore include in your performances tricks using the riffle shuffle, and become familiar with the basic riffle shuffle techniques. Don’t neglect to master these basics from the outset, as they will be the foundation for more advanced techniques you will encounter later.
Also learn how to square after shuffling. The Waterfall Riffle Shuffle is also a technique to learn, and is not only impressive to spectators, but is also very useful when no table is available.
What simple card flourishes should beginners learn?
Dribbling cards is a technique that has numerous uses. Among them are: as a flourish, as a method for having a card chosen and replaced, as a demonstration of the performer’s lack of control over the cards, as a way to prepare for a palm, by affording a reason to briefly hold the deck with two hands, and much more.
The Ribbon Spread is a flourish, but also a utility move that serves many purposes, such as having cards selected and replaced, showing that all cards are different and mixed, glimpsing a card at a certain position, and a large etcetera. You will be astonished at the incredibly strong impact this gesture with the cards has on laymen. Somehow the technique appears much more difficult than it is. Knowing it has such an impact, use it sparingly, acknowledging that you are accomplishing something extraordinary.
The Riffle is a little flourish that should be used sparingly and deliberately. I emphasize this here because the riffle can become a nervous tic, subconsciously repeated without realizing that it annoys the spectators. In such circumstances it communicates an impression of clumsiness. Yet, if introduced judiciously, it can underscore dramatic moments, providing an artistic highlight.
The Swivel Cut is the creation of the American vaudeville legend, Nate Leipzig. It is a two-handed flourish that has many possible applications to trick techniques.
The Charlier Cut can be used as a one-handed pass - that is, a secret cut not intended to be seen by the spectators - but can also be used as a visible flourish, and even as a gag. It is the invention of the nineteenth century enigma, Charlier.
Different methods of turning over the top card are suited for turning over a previously selected card at the climax of a trick, or simply to show the spectators a card that will be used subsequently.
In closing, how would you describe the importance of playing cards for card magic?
Without doubt, playing cards are the most fascinating instrument employed in the art of magic. No less a performer than Hofzinser designated card conjuring the "poetry" of magic. Cards have produced a palette of sciences, from their symbolism of humanity to their numerical properties and all the mathematical possibilities embodied therein. They serve at play and strategy, for fortune-telling and occult practices, and as a vehicle for social communication. They permit an expression of skill and intelligence.
Everything is brought together in card conjuring, for there is no effect, no emotion, that can’t be expressed with a deck of cards. They are a microcosm reflecting the "human condition", to use Rousseau’s expression, mirroring the fate and reality of mankind. Card tricks unite the principles of nature (natural material), of art (creativity, interpretations, self expression, talent), of science (psychological and mathematical principles) and of spirituality (symbolism, personal growth, therapy).
CLOSING THOUGHTS
If you are interested in learning more about expert card handling techniques, you can't go wrong by checking out some of Giobbi's books or videos. I wish that when I began my journey with playing cards by learning the fundamentals of proper card handling. You'll get far more enjoyment out of your card flourishing and progress more quickly by first learning the proper and basic techniques of card handling.
So where can you start? I'd suggest two resources, both of which Mr Giobbi has made available for free or a nominal cost, as part of his love for the art of magic, and his genuine desire to help new card handlers get off on the right foot:
Video: Fundamental Techniques - Giobbi has an entire course that teaches the fundamentals of card magic, corresponding to the first two books of Card College. He's made the first lesson free, and it covers the following topics: Basic Grips, Squaring, Various Cuts, Spreading & Outjogging Cards, Dribbling, Various Deals, Various Break Handlings, Step, Ribbon Spread, Preparing the Card Case. It's more than half an hour long, and has excellent content for anyone who uses playing cards.
E-Book: Introduction to Card Magic- This e-book (in PDF format) was created as an introductory course for newcomers, and features 150 pages of extensive instruction about the basics. It's not just for magicians, because it is dedicated to teaching general card handling techniques, e.g. how to select and hold a deck, correct shuffling techniques, and much, much more. It's well-illustrated with accompanying photographs, and has links to youtube videos illustrating what you're learning. To help budding card handlers, Giobbi has made this available for just €6.95 via his website.
Where to learn more?
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Coaster Draft II: Official Draft Thread

Welcome everyone to Coaster Drat II! Starting NOW, fedoraman59 is officially on the clock and has 24 hours to make their pick. Please only comment on this thread with your draft picks. I will be creating a separate thread for discussion purposes where people can post questions, discuss picks, trash talk(politely), etc. PLEASE remember to tag the next person in your draft pick comment to notify them that it's their turn, to help make sure they don't miss their pick. I will do my best to keep this OP updated with everyone's picks, but It is up to you to double check recent picks to make sure you don't accidentally try to draft a coaster that has already been taken.
Draft Rules 1. You may draft any coaster that is currently listed as operating on www.rcdb.com at the start of the draft. Coasters that open after the draft starts are off limits. 2. When you draft a coaster, make sure you very clearly state what coaster you are choosing and what park it is located in in your post. All draft choices should be made as their own comment in the draft thread (that will be a separate thread from this one), and not as response comment to somebody else's comment. This way when the thread comments are sorted by "new" it will be very easy to see what the most recently drafted coasters were. Also in your comment, you should tag the next drafter to notify them that they are on the clock. 3. You have 24 hours to make your pick! After 24 hours is up the next drafter is free to make their selection and the draft will continue. You may make your missed pick at any time after that, but the rest of the draft is free to continue drafting after your 24 hours is up. If at any point you miss 2 picks in a row, you will be removed from the draft and be replaced with an alternate (if we ever get any alternate signups). If for some reason you know ahead of time that you may have to miss a pick for whatever reason, message the mods with a list ranking your top choices and one of us will make the pick for you. If you have multiple picks in a row, your pick time does not stack, you still only get 24 hours. 4. The draft will operate in a snake order, which means that after we finish a round, the order for the next round will be reversed(For example: 1-2-3-3-2-1-1-2-3, etc.). There will be 12 rounds, after 12 rounds is up, everyone should have a coaster lineup that consists of 12 coasters, and from that point we will move onto the voting season. 5. You may draft racing/dueling coasters as one coaster. General rule of thumb is if it has one listing on RCDB than you can draft it as one coaster. 6. Travelling coasters such as Olympia Looping are not eligible to be drafted.
An example of what your draft pick comment should look like(I've higlighted the important pieces in bold): "For the 5th pick in the draft, I will take Batman: the Ride from Six Flags Great Adventure. _scott_m_ is next."
Have fun everyone, and thanks for participating!
Round 1 Picks 1. fedoraman59 - Wildfire - Kolmarden 2. patrick-k - Fury 325 - Carowinds 3. wjw42 - California Screamin' - Disney's California Adventure 4. dirkdiggler1992 - Lightning Rod - Dollywood 5. PeterPiperPizzaMan - El Toro - Six Flags Great Adventure 6. mrbearblue - T Express - Everland 7. Version_1 - Expedition GeForce - Holiday Park 8. nevastop - Maverick - Cedar Point 9. Lil_Pumpinq - Twisted Colossus - Six Flags Magic Mountain 10. _scott_m_ - Skyrush - Hersheypark 11. lillibonni - Intimidator 305 - Kings Dominion 12. sonimatic14 - Phantom's Revenge - Kennywood 13. hmrapp - Thunderbolt - Kennywood 14. mikeokay - Superman the Ride - Six Flags New England 15. MrBrightside711 - DC Rivals HyperCoaster - Warner Bros. Movie World 16. dah_esak - Nemesis - Alton Towers 17. MemePostDetective - Helix - Liseberg 18. rolly_coaster - Storm Chaser - Kentucky Kingdom 19. ghostofswitchmaspast - Wicked Cyclone - Six Flags New England 20. Fredbear_ - Schwur Des Kärnan - Hansa Park 21. Ultracoaster - Shambhala - Port Aventura 22. GFBIGFAN - Millenium Force - Cedar Point 23. iangs9 - Voyage - Holiday World 24. Grilled_Fromunda - Boulder Dash - Lake Compounce 25. Thrill_Monster - Leviathan - Canada's Wonderland 26. BariumBeryllium9 - The Flying Dinosaur - Universal Studios Japan 27. maxxdesiletseoe - Taron - Phantasialand
Round 2 Picks 28. maxxdesiletseoe - Goliath - Walibi Holland 29. BariumBeryllium9 - Montu - Busch Gardens Tampa 30. Thrill_Monster - iSpeed - Mirabilandia 31. Grilled_Fromunda - Flash - Lewa Adventure 32. iangs9 - Medusa Steel Coaster - Six Flags Mexico 33. GFBIGFAN - Wood Coaster - Knight Valley 34. Ultracoaster - Blue Fire Megacoaster - Europa Park 35. Fredbear_ - Coaster - Playland 36. ghostofswitchmaspast - Phoenix - Knoebels 37. rolly_coaster - Swamp Fox - Family Kingdom 38. MemePostDetective - Katun - Mirabilandia 39. dah_esak - Iron Rattler - Six Flags Fiesta Texas 40. MrBrightside711 - Outlaw Run - Silver Dollar City 41. mikeokay - Ravine Flyer II - Waldameer 42. hmrapp - Mine Blower - Fun Spot America 43. sonimatic14 - Black Mamba - Phantasialand 44. lillibonni - Mystic Timbers - Kings Island 45. _scott_m_ - Balder - Liseberg 46. Lil_Pumpinq - Gold Striker - California's Great America 47. nevastop - New Texas Giant - Six Flags Over Texas 48. Version_1 - Troy - Toverland 49. mrbearblue - Kingda Ka- Six Flags Great Adventure 50. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Tatsu - Sic Flags Magic Mountain 51. dirkdiggler1992 - Goliath - Six Flags Great America 52. wjw42 - Do-Dodonpa - Fuji-Q Highland 53. patrick-k - Cyclone - Luna Park 54. fedoraman59 - Formula Rossa - Ferrari World Abu Dhabi
Round 3 Picks 55. fedoraman59 - Piraten - Djurs Sommerland 56. patrick-k - Coaster Through the Clouds - Nanchang Wanda Park 57. wjw42 - Top Thrill Dragster - Cedar Point 58. dirkdiggler1992 - Prowler - Worlds of Fun 59. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Kumba - Busch Gardens Tampa 60. mrbearblue - Thunderbird - Holiday World 61. Version_1 - Galactica - Alton Towers 62. nevastop - Mako - Sea World Orlando 63. Lil_Pumpinq - Cheetah Hunt - Busch Gardens Tampa 64. _scott_m_ - Steel Dragon 2000 - Nagashima Spa Land 65. lillibonni - Hades 360 - Mt. Olympus Water and Theme Park 66. sonimatic14 - Goliath - Six Flags Over Georgia 67. hmrapp - Goliath - La Ronde 68. mikeokay - Soaring with Dragon - Wanda Heife 69. MrBrightside711 - Xcelerator - Knott's Berry Farm 70. dah_esak - Beast - Kings Island 71. MemePostDetective - Wodan Timbur Coaster - Europa Park 72. rolly_coaster - Pyrenees - Parque España 73. ghostofswitchmaspast - Starry Sky Ripper - Joyland 74. Fredbear_ - Lech Coaster - Legendia 75. Ultracoaster - Flying Aces - Ferrari World 76. GFBIGFAN - Dragon Khan - PortAventura Park 77. iangs9 - Anaconda - Gold Reef City 78. Grilled_Fromunda - Python in Bamboo Forest - Nanchang Wanda Park 79. Thrill_Monster - Thunderhead - Dollywood 80. BariumBeryllium9 - Lightning Run - Kentucky Kingdom 81. maxxdesiletseoe - Joker - Six Flags Discovery Kingdom
Round 4 Picks 82. maxxdesiletseoe - Cannibal - Lagoon 83. BariumBeryllium9 - Monster - Adventureland 84. Thrill_Monster - Kawasemi - Tobu Park Zoo 85. Grilled_Fromunda - Ozlris - Parc Asterix 86. iangs9 - Eejanaika - Fuji-Q Highland 87. GFBIGFAN - Nefeskesen - Vialand 88. Ultracoaster - Alpina Blitz - Nigloland 89. Fredbear_ - Quimera - La Feria Chapultepec Magico 90. ghostofswitchmaspast - Tornado - Särkänniemi Amusement Park 91. rolly_coaster - Jungle Dragon - Happy Valley Chongqing 92. MemePostDetective - Fly Over Mediterranean - Happy Valley 93. dah_esak - Junker - PowerLand 94. MrBrightside711 - TRON Lightcycle Power Run - Shanghai Disneyland 95. mikeokay - Afterburn - Carowinds 96. hmrapp - Red Fire - ViaSea 97. sonimatic14 - Legend - Holiday World 98. lillibonni - Superman: Escape from Krypton - Six Flags Magic Mountain 99. _scott_m_ - Red Force - Ferrari Land 100. Lil_Pumpinq - Diamondback - Kings Island 101. nevastop - Renegade - Valleyfair 102. Version_1 - Monster - Walygator Parc 103. mrbearblue - Banshee - King's Island 104. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Alpengeist - Busch Gardens Williamsburg 105. dirkdiggler1992 - Silver Star - Europa Park 106. wjw42 - Ultimate - Lightwater Valley 107. patrick-k - Karacho - Erlebnispark Tripsdrill 108. fedoraman59 - Cú Chulainn - Tayto Park
Round 5 Picks 109. fedoraman59 - Smiler - Alton Towers 110. patrick-k - Phaethon - Gyeongju World 110. wjw42 - X2 - Six Flags Magic Mountain 112. dirkdiggler1992 - Great Bear - Hersheypark 113. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Giant Dipper - Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk 114. mrbearblue - Valravn - Cedar Point 115. Version_1 - Fluch von Novgorod - Hansa Park 116. nevastop - Raptor - Gardaland 117. Lil_Pumpinq - Acrobat - Nagashima Spa Land 118. _scott_m_ - Volcano, The Blast Coaster - Kings Dominion 119. lillibonni - Apollo's Chariot - Busch Gardens Williamsburg 120. sonimatic14 - Manta - Sea World Orlando 121. hmrapp - Mega-Lite - Happy Valley Shanghai 122. mikeokay - Ghostrider - Knott's Berry Farm 123. MrBrightside711 - Joris en de Draak - Efteling 124. dah_esak - Nitro - Six Flags Great Adventure 125. MemePostDetective - Behemoth - Canada's Wonderland 126. rolly_coaster - Light Speed - Visionland 127. ghostofswitchmaspast - Full Throttle - Six Flags Magic Mountain 128. Fredbear_ - Wild Train - Fantasiana 129. Ultracoaster - Silver Bullet - Knott's Berry Farm 130. GFBIGFAN - Superman el Último Escape - Six Flags Mexico 131. iangs9 - Jungle Storm - Chakazoolu Indoor Theme Park 132. Grilled_Fromunda - Time Travel - Hot Go Park - Happy Jungle World 133. Thrill_Monster - El Toro - Freizeitpark Plohn 134. Thrill_Monster (From BariumBeryllium9) - Speed Monster - TusenFryd 135. maxxdesiletseoe - Raptor - Cedar Point
Round 6 Picks 136. maxxdesiletseoe - Rampage - Alabama Splash Adventure 137. BariumBeryllium9 - Gatekeeper - Cedar Point 138. Thrill_Monster - Dauling Dragon - Happy Valley Wuhan 139. Grilled_Fromunda - Storm Runner - Hersheypark 140. iangs9 - Takabisha - Fuji-Q Highland 141. GFBIGFAN - Hair Raiser - Ocean Park 142. Ultracoaster - Dinoconda at China Dinosaurs Park 143. Fredbear_ - Tornado - Bakken 144. ghostofswitchmaspast - Superman Krypton Coaster - Six Flags Fiesta Texas 145. rolly_coaster - Riddler's Revenge - Six Flags Magic Mountain 146. MemePostDetective - Wild Eagle - Dollywood 147. dah_esak - Stealth - Thorpe Park 148. MrBrightside711 - Talon - Dorney Park 149. mikeokay - Mind Bender - Six Flags Over Georgia 150. hmrapp - Star Trek: Operation Enterprise - Movie Park Germany 151. sonimatic14 - X-Flight - Six Flags Great America 152. lillibonni - Verbolten - Busch Gardens Williamsburg 153. _scott_m_ - Baron 1898 - Efteling 154. Lil_Pumpinq - Bizarro - Six Flags Great Adventure 155. nevastop - Shivering Timbers - Michigan's Adventure 156. Version_1 - Superman / la Atracción de Acero - Parque Warner Madrid 157. mrbearblue - Gravity Max - Lihpao Land 158. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Revenge of the Mummy - Universal Studios Florida 159. dirkdiggler1992 - Dominator - Kings Dominion 160. wjw42 - Crystal Wing - Happy Valley 161. patrick-k - Switchback - ZDT's Amusement Park 162. fedoraman59 - Grand National - Blackpool Pleasure Beach
Round 7 Picks 163. fedoraman59 - Incredible Hulk - Islands of Adventure 164. patrick-k - Loch Ness Monster - Busch Gardens Williamsburg 165. wjw42 - Expedition Everest - Disney's Animal Kingdom 166. dirkdiggler1992 - Manta - Sea World San Diego 167. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Parrot Coaster - Chimelong Ocean Kingdom 168. mrbearblue - Intimidator - Carowinds 169. Version_1 - Flug der Dämonen - Heide Park 170. nevastop - SheiKra - Busch Gardens Tampa 171. Lil_Pumpinq - Tranan - Skara Sommarland 172. _scott_m_ - Tennessee Tornado - Dollywood 173. lillibonni - Kraken - Sea World Orlando 174. sonimatic14 - Screamin' Eagle - Six Flags St. Louis 175. GFBIGFAN (From hmrapp) - Vild-Svinet - BonBon-Land 176. mikeokay - Wooden Warrior - Quassy Amusement Park 177. MrBrightside711 - Oblivion: The Black Hole - Gardaland 178. dah_esak - Shock Wave - Six Flags Over Texas 179. MemePostDetective - Mindbender - Galaxyland Amusement Park 180. rolly_coaster - Superman Escape - Warner Bros Movie World 181. ghostofswitchmaspast - Vortex - Canada's Wonderland 182. Fredbear_ - Tower of Terror - Gold Reef City 183. Ultracoaster - Lightning Racer - Hersheypark 184. GFBIGFAN - Big Grizzly Mountain Runaway Mine Cars - Hong Kong Disneyland 185. iangs9 - Big Thunder Mountain Railroad - Disneyland 186. Grilled_Fromunda - Lisebergbanan - Liseberg 187. Thrill_Monster - Medusa - Six Flags Discovery Kingdom 188. BariumBeryllium9 - Impulse - Knoebels 189. maxxdesiletseoe - Scream! - Six Flags Magic Mountain
Round 8 Picks 190. maxxdesiletseoe - Raven - Holiday World 191. BariumBeryllium9 - Bullet Coaster - Happy Valley Shenzhen 192. Thrill_Monster - Lost Gravity - Walibi Holland 193. Grilled_Fromunda - Magnum XL-200 - Cedar Point 194. iangs9 - Boardwalk Bullet - Kemah Boardwalk 195. GFBIGFAN - Pulsar - Walibi Belgium 196. Ultracoaster - Shock - Rainbow MagicLand 197. Fredbear_ - Drage Kongen at Djurs Sommerland 198. ghostofswitchmaspast - Big Thunder Mountain - Disneyland Paris 199. rolly_coaster - Furious Baco - PortAventura 200. MemePostDetective - Battle of Jungle King - Heifei Wanda 201. dah_esak - White Lightning - Fun Spot America 203. MrBrightside711 - Battlestar Galactica - Universal Studios Singapore 204. mikeokay - OCT Thrust SSC1000 - Happy Valley Hongshan 205. hmrapp - Flying Wing Coaster - Happy Valley Yubei 206. hmrapp (from sonimatic14) - Orkanen - Fårup Sommerland 207. lillibonni - Tornado - Parque de Atracciones de Madrid 208. _scott_m_ - Hydra the Revenge - Dorney Park 209. Lil_Pumpinq - Atlantis Adventure - Lotte World 210. nevastop - Firechaser Express - Dollywood 211. Version_1 - Oblivion - Alton Towers 212. mrbearblue - Skull Mountain - Six Flags Great Adventure 213. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Ninja - Six Flags Magic Mountain 214. dirkdiggler1992 - Poseidon - Europa Park 215. wjw42 - Titan - Six Flags Over Texas 216. patrick-k - Bat - Kings Island 217. fedoraman59 - Jet Line - Grona Lund
Round 9 Picks 218. fedoraman59 - Euro Mir - Europa Park 219. patrick-k - Winjas - Phantasialand 220. wjw42 - Space Mountain - Disneyland 221. dirkdiggler1992 - Apple Zapple - Kings Dominion 222. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Invadr - Busch Gardens Williamsburg 223. mrbearblue - GaleForce - Playland's Castaway Cove 224. Version_1 - Vliegende Hollander - Efteling 225. nevastop - Nemesis Inferno - Thorpe Park 226. Lil_Pumpinq - Hydrus - Casino Pier 227. _scott_m_ - Flying Turns - Knoebels 228. lillibonni - Jungle Trailblazer - Oriental Heritage Wuhu 229. sonimatic14 - New Revolution - Six Flags Magic Mountain 230. sonimatic14 (from hmrapp) - Thunderbird - Powerland 231. mikeokay - Twister - Grona Lund 232. MrBrightside711 - Gold Rush - Attractiepark Slagharen 233. dah_esak - Krake - Heide Park 234. hmrapp (from MemePostDetective) - Anubis: The Ride - Plopsaland De Panne 235. rolly_coaster - Colossus the Fire Dragon - Lagoon 236. ghostofswitchmaspast - Space Fantasy The Ride - Universal Studios Japan 237. Fredbear_ - Cobra - Conny-land 238. Ultracoaster - Formula - Energylandia 239. MrBrightside711 (from GFBIGFAN) - Thunder Dolphin - Tokyo Dome City 240. iangs9 - Dwervelwind - Toverland 241. Grilled_Fromunda - Velociraptor - IMG Worlds of Adventure 242. Bariumberyllium9 (from Thrill_Monster) - Freischütz - Bayern Park 243. BariumBeryllium9 - Poltergeist - Six Flags Fiesta Texas 244. maxxdesiletseoe - Flight of Fear - Kings Island
Round 10 Picks 245. maxxdesiletseoe - Pandemonium - Six Flags New England 246. BariumBeryllium9 - Hollywood Dream:The Ride - Universal Studios Japan 247. Thrill_Monster - Cobra's Curse - Busch Gardens Tampa 248. Grilled_Fromunda - Dragon Coaster - Playland Park 249. iangs9 - Steel Force - Dorney Park 250. hmrapp (from GFBIGFAN) - Abyss - Adventure World 251. Ultracoaster - Juvelen at Djurs Sommerland 252. Fredbear_ - Wooden Coaster - Fireball - Happy Valley Shanghai 253. ghostofswitchmaspast - Motorbike Roller Coaster - Happy World 254. rolly_coaster - Mamba - Worlds of Fun 255. MemePostDetective - Cornball Express - Indiana Beach 256. dah_esak - Georgia Scorcher - Six Flags Over Georgia 257. MrBrightside711 - Spiderman Doc Ock - IMG World's of Adventure 258. mikeokay - Road Runner Express - Six Flags Fiesta Texas 259. hmrapp - Storm - Etnaland 260. sonimatic14 - Iron Dragon - Cedar Point 261. lillibonni - Fahrenheit - Hersheypark 262. _scott_m_ - Swarm - Thorpe Park 263. Lil_Pumpinq - Vampire - Chessington World of Adventures 264. nevastop - Tremors - Silverwood Theme Park 265. Version_1 - Dragon's Fury - Chessington World of Adventures 266. mrbearblue - Bandit Bomber - Yas Waterworld 267. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Rock n Roller Coaster - Disney's Hollywood Studios 268. dirkdiggler1992 - Teddy Bear - Stricker's Grove 269. wjw42 - Giant Dipper at Belmont Park 270. patrick-k - Space Mountain - Magic Kingdom 271. fedoraman59 - Patriot - Worlds of Fun
Round 11 Picks 272. fedoraman59 - Great Desert-Rally - Happy Valley Sichaun 273. patrick-k - Bombora - Lagoon 274. wjw42 - Revenge of the Mummy - Universal Studios Hollywood 275. GFBIGFAN (from dirkdiggler1992) - El Loco - Adventuredome 276. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Polar Explorer at Chimelong Ocean Kingdom 277. mrbearblue - Seven Dwarfs Mine Train - Magic Kingdom 278. Version_1 - Psyke Underground - Walibi Holland 279. nevastop - Gemini - Cedar Point 280. Lil_Pumpinq - Missed Pick 281. _scott_m_ - Wave Breaker: The Rescue Coaster - Sea World San Antonio 282. lillibonni - Desert Race - Heide Park 283. sonimatic14 - Quicksilver Express - Gilroy Gardens 284. hmrapp - Kentucky Rumbler - Beech Bend 285. mikeokay - Steel Eel - Sea World San Antonio 286. MrBrightside711 - Dragon's Run - Dragon Park 287. dah_esak - Big Apple Coaster - New York, New York Hotel & Casino 288. hmrapp (from MemePostDetective) - Maceraperest - Vialand 289. rolly_coaster - Diving Machine G5 - Janfusun Fancyworld 290. ghostofswitchmaspast - Wild Thing - Valleyfair 291. Fredbear_ - Lynet - Fårup Sommerland 292. Ultracoaster - Altair - Cinecittà World 293. GFBIGFAN - Arthur - Europa Park 294. iangs9 - Divertical - Mirabilandia 295. Grilled_Fromunda - Wildfire - Silver Dollar City 296. Thrill_Monster - Mammut - Erlebnispark Tripsdrill 297. BariumBeryllium9 - Crazy Car - Happy Valley Wuhan 298. maxxdesiletseoe - Tempesto - Busch Gardens Williamsburg
Round 12 Picks 299. maxxdesiletseoe - Wonder Mountian's Gaurdian at Canada's Wonderland 300. BariumBeryllium9 - Wicked Twister - Cedar Point 301. Thrill_Monster - Fjord Flying Dragon - Happy Valley Tianjin 302. Grilled_Fromunda - Madagascar Mad Pursuit at Motiongate Dubai 303. iangs9 - Lost Coaster of Superstition Mountain - Indiana Beach 304. GFBIGFAN - Scorpion - Busch Gardens Tampa 305. Ultracoaster - Supersonic Odyssey - Berjaya Times Square Theme Park 306. Fredbear_ - Timber Terror - Silverwood Theme Park 307. ghostofswitchmaspast - Saw: The Ride - Thorpe Park 308. rolly_coaster - Animal Coaster - Jawa Timur Park 2 309. MemePostDetective - The Great Pumpkin Coaster - Kings Dominion 310. dah_esak - Rollin Thunder - Park at OWA 311. MrBrightside711 - Powder Keg: A Blast In The Wilderness - Silver Dollar City 312. mikeokay - Capitol Bullet Train - Motiongate 313. hmrapp - Vicky The Ride - Plopsa Coo 314. sonimatic14 - Fantasia Special - Tongdo Fantasia 315. lillibonni - Big One - Blackpool Pleasure Beach 316. _scott_m_ - American Eagle - Six Flags Great America 317. Lil_Pumpinq - Missed Pick 318. nevastop - Skycar - Mysterious Island 319. Version_1 - Colorado Adventure - Phantasialand 320. mrbearblue - Pipeline Express - Wild Water & Wheels 321. PeterPiperPizzaMan - Jet Rescue - Sea World 322. dirkdiggler1992 - Python - Efteling 323. wjw42 - Sierra Sidewinder - Knott's Berry Farm 324. patrick-k - Woodstock Express - Kings Island 325. fedoraman59 - Thunderation - Silver Dollar City
Google Docs Document organized in a way that makes it easier to see each individual drafters lineup. Courtesy of iangs9.
submitted by _scott_m_ to CoasterDraft [link] [comments]

/r/Championship's Championship club by club season preview - part 1!

Part 2 here - Part 3 here - Part 4 here

On Friday at 8pm UK time, Reading and Derby County will kick off the 127th season of the English second division - also known as the Championship! 24 clubs will compete for 3 promotion spots to the Premier league (2 via automatic promotion and 1 via playoffs) and to avoid the 3 relegation spots to the third tier a.k.a League One.

Its looking like a really tight and competitive season. The league is absolutely full of ambitious player and managerial talent - the more time goes by the more it looks like a Premier League 2. If you want a competitive league with proper English football, that also has the spice of skilful players and forward thinking managers, it really is the place to go.

This is guide written by the fans who have come together on /Championship - an absolutely huge thanks to them. Do check out the sub, we try to keep it a good place to discuss the EFL, away from the rancid gloryhunting shithole that is /soccer (just kidding - I like this place). Lots going on, including a score predictor thread which is running all season.

This guide is in table order with the PL demoted sides first. Only 5 clubs today (because the Swansea one is a fucking novel and I can't fit any more in), the rest will be submitted tomorrow and Friday. Do bare in mind that not all the transfer news will be up to date as these guides were largely written a week ago. Point out to me if there are any clear errors with formatting or spelling.

Championship info, links and media

/Championship's 17/18 player of the season review

Season previews: The Guardian | Sky Sports | The Mirror
EFL focused podcasts: Not the Top 20 | The Totally Football League Show
The 17/18 table - Wolves, Cardiff and Fulham went up. Barnsley, Burton and Sunderland went down. This season West Brom, Swansea and Stoke join from the PL and Wigan, Blackburn and Rotherham join from League 1.
These are the bookies' favourites for promotion (via Oddschecker):
Club Odds
Stoke 2.75
Middlesbrough 4
West Brom 4
Nottingham Forest 4.5
Leeds 4.75
Swansea 5
And relegation:
Club Odds
Rotherham 2.2
Bolton 2.25
Ipswich 4.5
Reading 5
QPR 6
Hull 6
How to watch in the UK: Live rights are owned by Sky Sports. They are upping the number of televised matches this season. Reading v Derby on Friday is televised. The weekly highlights show previously on Channel 5 is moving to Quest TV, which apparently is on Freeview.
How to watch abroad: Depends, but in most territories, the iFollow Service is available, which is £110 to watch all a single club's matches. Bargain. I think the clubs that aren't on iFollow have their own similar streaming services.
Check out club Youtube channels - quite a few of them post extended highlights now with their own commentary, including Derby, Norwich, Sheffield Wednesday, Brentford and more. (You may need VPN to watch if you're abroad.)

Swansea City by RafiakaMacakaDirk and my_knob_is_gr8

Location: Swansea, Wales
Nickname: Swans, The Jacks
Major honours: Football League Cup (2013), Championship Play-off Winner (2011), League One Winners (1925, 1949, 2008)
17/18 finishing postion: 18th (Premier League)
Transfermarkt squad value: €115.5 mil NOTE: This number is as of July 22nd, when we still have Mawson (€15 mil), A. Ayew (€15 mil), Bony (€10 mil), Clucas (€8 mil) and Fernandez (€8 mil), who are all pretty much expected to be sold, or loaned out, before the season starts. Without all of these players except Bony (who's injured for a while so it makes it unlikely he'll be sold soon), the squad value would be around €70 mil.
Manager: Graham Potter joined the Swans on 11th June 2018. In 2010, he became head coach of Östersund, who were in the fourth tier of Swedish football. 5 years later, he got the club promoted into the Swedish top flight and in 2017, they won Svenska Cupen which qualified them for the Europa League where they managed to get through the group stage. He’s been applauded for what he did at Östersund and the way he managed to build the club up from nothing. The year after his success in the Europa league he signed a 3 year contract with Swansea.
Potter is well respected by The Swans and after a few years of poor managerial and financial decisions his appointment is seen as a step in the right direction to bringing us back to our old ways of being a well-run club. Potter has been recognised for his "progressive" and "unconventional" coaching methods. At Östersund, he encouraged his players and staff to engage in community activities, such as performing in theatre and music productions which was designed to take them out of their comfort zone. Potter describes his style of football on the pitch as "tactically flexible, attacking, and possession-based". At Östersund, he deployed a flexible 3–5–2 formation centred on ball possession.
Best player(s)/ talisman:With many of our best players being rumoured with a move away what good players that remain at the start of the season is yet to be seen.
Alfie Mawson is probably our standout player. He’s been amazing for us since we got him and was a bargain at about £3m. He’s great in the air and is just an all round tank. Keeping him will be a huge boost for us and should be solid in the championship.
Federico "El Pajaro" Fernandez has also been strong at the back with Alfie. The pair played with each other for the majority of last season and together became a solid unit. We will most likely sell him to reduce wages though.
Jordan Ayew put in a great shift last season and was our top goal scorer. His work rate was immense and was able to drop back and defend when needed. He’s fast, able to beat a man and a decent finisher. Sadly all these players are transfer targets for other clubs and might not even be here at the start of the season. If we can keep a lot of our players we should have a decent season but who knows who'll be left by the end of the window…
Rising star: Swansea’s U23 had a great season last year and with Potter wanting a young and fresh squad, a handful have moved up into the first team.
Our standout youngster, Oliver McBurnie, joined Barnsley on loan in January last season where he went on to win a Championship player of the month award after 6 goals in 8 games and went on to win Barnsley’s Player of the year award. While only 22, he’s struggled to break into our first team but will most likely be our main striker for the coming season. Be on the lookout for his long legs, miniature shinpads and ridiculous sock length! LEGS LEGS LEGS!!!
Connor Roberts performed well at RB last season and adapted quickly to the premier league where he battled Kyle Naughton to be in the starting line up and did great when given the chance. Decent at going forward and professional at the back. Hopefully potter puts him ahead of Naughton.
What happened last season?: What Happened last season?: After our great escape the season before and with Paul Clement at the helm there was optimism that the 17/18 season could be our turning point where we start rebuilding 'The Swansea Way". How wrong we were.
After a disastrous transfer window where we sold Sigurdsson and never replaced him and started panic buying the week before the transfer window closed we were left an obvious hole in our team. We had no creativity in midfield and no one could kick the ball into the box to save their life. And just to rub it in further Renato Sanches turned out to be more disappointing than Bob Bradley. With the team sitting bottom of the table Clement was sacked in late December.
Then along came the wise talking Carlos Carvalhal who managed to rebuild the confidence the team had lost. Our results took a turn for the good, beating Liverpool, Arsenal, Burnley and West Ham consecutively at home. He pulled us out of the relegation zone and things were looking good. However, the good times were quickly followed by the bad times. Our form turned and we didn’t win a single one of our last 9 matches. We were quickly relegated after pitifully losing to both Southampton and Stoke in our last 2 games of the season.
Highlights (Or lowlights):
The pass by Renato Sanches that summed up his and our season
Swansea City 3-1 Arsenal
Summer transfer business (so far): At the end of last season, it was clear we needed several transfers, both in and out. However, this would all depend on the manager we got.
Yan Dhanda (Free, Liverpool): A 19 year-old Midfielder, Yan Dhanda left Liverpool this summer and joined the Swans in a free, before we even hired Graham Potter. At one time one of the most promosing youngsters in Liverpool's Academy, injuries slowed down his progress, and ultimately made him fall behind other players. Citing lack of first-team playing time, Dhanda decided to join us this summer in hopes of getting regular playing time in the senior squad. Through 3 pre-season games, Dhanda has been one of the brighest and most impressive players in the squad, even scoring a game-winning goal and smashing a penalty in a shootout against Genoa. With our current injuries and shenanigans involved in our midfield, Dhanda has a good chance of becoming a starter and hopefully guide our midfield during the season.
Jordi Govea (Free, Real Madrid): Another 19 year-old from Ecuador, Jordi was the first signing under Potter. Not much can be said about the lad, but this is what Real Madrid had as his bio:
Jordi is an Ecuadorian defender who possess three key qualities for a player in his position: he's skilful, is able to go past a player and has a good shot on him. He's left footed and is able to send in good crosses on the run.
With Martin Olsson currently as our starting LB, and Kyle Naughton as the backup, the hope is that Jordi can develop on our U-23 squad and hopefully move up to the senior squad in coming years. Also the only man I've seen do a medical while wearing jeans (https://twitter.com/SwansOfficial/status/1015251916132057089)
Joel Asoro (€2 mil., Sunderland): Yet another 19 year-old, a Swedish winger who has represented his country in the younger levels, he was Potter's first senior signing. With world-class speed, and some impressive skills, Asoro was able to score 3 goals and get 2 assists last season in 26 apperances for Sunderland. While these numbers may seem a bit disappointing, many of these games were sub appearances on a very dysfunctional team. Along with Dhanda, Asoro has been one of the most impressive players during preseason, constantly beating his man with either speed or skills, and whipping in good balls to Legs. At the current rate, Asoro appears to have a good chance of starting on the right wing spot, with Nathan Dyer and Luciano Narsingh backing him up.
Predicted starting XI: NOTE: This is gonna be assuming Mawson, A. Ayew, Clucas, and Fernandez are all sold by the start of the season. If by some reason they end up staying, they are pretty much guaranteed to start. Based on the pre-season games so far, a lineup looking like this would be plausible, with Rodon most likely to be replaced by a CB (possibly Scott McKenna) when we buy one. Our second unit is looking something like this.
Best case scenario: Graham Potter is able to motivate and make sure our senior players (Fer, Carroll, etc.) stay fit, along with our youngsters being able to make an impact as expected, and also we retain Mawson, Fernandez, and Clucas, we can finish in the top 2 and get promoted automatically.
Worst case scenario: Our worst case scenario, and something many of us fear of happening, consists of primarily 3 things. 1. Graham Potter isn't given enough time to build an identity with our squad and is sacked by the midway point of the season by the greedy, dumb American owners. . 2. We end up not replacing the players we sold properly like last summer, therefore having a squad with holes everywhere and no chemistry. 3. Our youngsters such as Asoro, McBurnie, Dhanda and company don't pan out and progress at all, thefore becoming mediocre players. This would all culminate in us looking like Sunderland, and making relegation a probability.
Prediction: Realistically I see us selling Mawson and company in the last days before the season starts and not replacing them properly until later on. Because of this, as well as our current injuries with Fer and Clucas, I can see us initially struggling to build an identity but over time, we will start playing like Potter wants us and finishing the season strongly.
8th place, missing the play-offs by 4 points
What will happen to your closest rivals?: The scum that is known as Cardiff City will break the record for lowest points ever accumulated in a Premier League season, getting 5 points all from draws, and will therefore get relegated with 17 games to spare.

West Bromwich Albion by Joelwba

Location: The Hawthorns, West Bromwich, West Midlands
Nickname: The Baggies, The Throstles
Major honours: 1x League title, 1x League Cup, 5x FA Cup
17/18 finishing postion: 20th in Premier League (relegated)
Transfermarkt squad value: £101.16m
Manager: Darren Moore or Big Dave as he's known to Albion fans. A club icon as a player in the early 2000s, he returned to look after our U23 squad before being promoted to assistant manager by Alan Pardew in January. Following the end of Pardew's horrific reign, Moore took temporary charge with Albion facing inevitable relegation. He led us to wins over Newcastle, Spurs, Man Utd and a draw with Liverpool, somehow taking our futile battle for survival to the final week of the season. Following this he earned the head coach role permanently. Moore is loved among the Albion faithful, largely due to his reputation as a player here. He heavily favours a 4-4-2 formation and at the back end of last season, tended to soak up pressure and play on the counter attack. It will be interesting to see how his approach differs in a league where we are one of the favourites, not fighting to survive (hopefully)
Best player(s)/ talisman: It's an interesting situation for Albion currently. There are plenty of Premier League quality players still in the squad. A lot depends on if they are picked off before the deadline shuts. Chris Brunt is a club stalwart and likely to be reappointed as captain. He is adored by the fans and in my opinion will be an incredible asset in the championship. His set pieces alone will bring 10+ goals to the side. Kieran Gibbs is a high quality player who appears to be set to stay and should make a big difference. Jay Rodriguez, Craig Dawson, Salomon Rondon and Nacer Chadli should all make a big difference in this division IF they stay. In all honesty I expect to lose a few of the above. Sam Johnstone appears to be an astute signing to replace the outgoing Ben Foster.
Rising star: Sam Field he's one of our own! He looked completely at home against some of the top Premier League sides last campaign. A box-to-box midfielder, he's full of energy and looks so comfortable on the ball. I expect him to be a major part of our side this season, having just signed a new long-term deal.
Kyle Edwards is an exciting attacking midfielder who has been impressing in pre-season. He may have a part to play following a loan spell at Exeter last campaign.
Jonathon Leko looked like a potential world-beater when he first came through a couple of years back. A lightning quick winger full of tricks. A loan spell at Bristol City and limited appearances later he seems to be losing his way. Will be an interesting one to watch.
Finally, the enigma that is Olly Burke. After signing with us last summer for £15m, he failed to impress any of the four managers we had over the season. He looks exciting when he comes on, without any end product so far, and was unfairly blamed for a loss at West Ham by Alan 'Coward' Pardew. We all know the talent he's got. Hopefully we can see it this season.
What happened last season?: Let's not talk about it... We finally escaped the stranglehold of Tony Pulis, only to opt for the human joke that is Alan Pardew and duly hurtled towards relegation. Four of our players stole a taxi and then played (and lost) the following weekend.
Pardew was sacked about 3 months too late, and Moore took over, restoring pride with some notable wins over Man Utd and Spurs.
This season we also lost the great Cyrille Regis, and the outpouring of emotion and the coming together of the club during the weeks after his passing was something special.
Summer transfer business (so far): We started by releasing Claudio Yacob, Boaz Myhill and Gareth McAuley. Yacob and McAuley will be greatly missed but it is perhaps the right time for them to go.
Jonny Evans departed for Leicester for a cut-price £3m, Ben Foster left for Watford and James McClean has departed for Stoke City.
Sam Johnstone has been bought in to replace Foster, with Jonathon Bond arriving as backup. Kyle Bartley has joined from Swansea City and it appears that Harvey Barnes will soon be arriving on loan from Leicester.
Finally, James Morrison is currently out of contract but still with the club. His future is uncertain.
I am very happy with Johnstone and Bartley. It has been a quiet window for Albion so far but that is largely a good thing. The squad is packed with Premier League talent and the window is more about keeping hold of them.
There is major interest in Dawson and Rondon, along with interest in Rodriguez, Hegazi and Chadli. If any of the above go, then we would need to replace. Otherwise I would be happy with another striker and another CB.
It is also worth mentioning that every player in the Albion side suffered a 50% wage cut upon relegation which means that we are financially sound despite relegation, but may lead to more big names leaving.
Predicted starting XI: This is my best attempt. It will undoubtedly be 4-4-2. We may see Nyom in at right back and perhaps Barry in for Field.
Obviously about half of this side could leave, so we shall see.
Best case scenario: The bulk of the side remains and the quality in the side shines through as we breeze to automatic promotion.
Worst case scenario: The better players leave or do not put the effort in. Moore cannot transfer his great start into his first full season in management. We become embroiled in a relegation battle
Prediction: It will be somewhere in the middle. I'd like to think we'll go up automatically but I think play-offs are more likely. 6th
What will happen to your closest rivals?: Villa won't go down but will settle into mid-table, despite the recent takeover.
I think Wolves will do well in the PL, although I don't know how long Nuno will last before a big club comes in.

Stoke City by mrmariomaster

Location: Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire
Nickname: The Potters
Stadium: bet365 Stadium, 30,089 seats
Major honours: 1972 League Cup
17/18 finishing position: 19th, Premier League
Squad value: £127.8 million
Manager: Gary Rowett signed from Derby in May. His honest attitude has brought lots of optimism to fans, who are looking forward to an overhaul of the Club. His style of play seems to change based on the squad he has available.
Best Player: Joe Allen was vital to the Club last season, giving us hope that we would avoid relegation. His massive new contract signed this summer shows how loyal and committed to the Club he is, and will be a vital player this season.
Rising star: Tom Edwards is a local lad who has won the Under 18 Player of the Year award twice in the Club. In the latter parts of last season he played some good first team football.
What happened last season: A pathetic attempt at a season that had been coming for a while under Mark Hughes. Paul Lambert was appointed in January, but a win rate of just 2 in 15 matches wasn’t enough for him to keep his job and miss out on the million pound bonus offered to him.
Transfer business so far: So far this has been a decent transfer window. Peter Etebo had an amazing World Cup for Nigeria and Benik Afobe looks really promising. Adam Federici has also been appointed to replace Lee Grant. Xherdan Shaqiri has left along with a few players like Stephen Ireland and Glen Johnson who will not be missed. Badou Ndiaye also looks to be on his way out, but it looks like Jack Butland will stay with us, which is massive. Perhaps most surprising are the new contracts signed by our 2 best players last season, Joe Allen and Moritz Bauer.
Predicted Line up: Here is our predicted squad. I’m not sure what formation we will have. EDIT: This is a new version, complete with our rumoured new signings and in the right formation.
Best case scenario: Stoke will finish top with an all-time Championship points record.
Worst case scenario: A mediocre start to the season will see Rowett sacked and Stoke with a disappointing mid-table finish.
Prediction: I think with our squad and our new manager, we will finish 1st.
What will happen to our closest rivals? Port Vale will be relegated to the Vanarama National League.

Aston Villa by trueschoolalumni

Location: Villa Park, Trinity Rd, Birmingham B6 6HE
Nickname: The Villans, The Villa, Prince William's Club, David "Twat" Cameron's Second Club.
Major honours: 7 First Division wins, 7 FA Cups, 5 League Cups, 1 European Cup, 1 European Super Cup, 1 Intertoto Cup
17/18 finishing postion: 4th
Transfermarkt squad value: £67.77m and dropping fast
Manager: Steve Bruce (for now). Former Man Utd playing legend who's been a fixture of English football for decades. He joined Villa in 2016 after successful runs at Hull, Sunderland (yes they were good once) and Birmingham City. A bit of a promotion specialist, he's taken Championship clubs up to the Premier League 4 times in the past and just missed out last season, losing 1-0 to Fulham in the Playoff Final. Tactically, he's fairly old school who prefers 4-4-2 or a 4-1-4-1, usually involving a big man up top. Fun fact: while managing Huddersfield in 1999 he wrote three novels, "Striker!", "Sweeper!" and "Defender!", which focus on main character Steve Barnes, a football manager. Barnes solves crime and takes on terrorists, and the books have become prized rarities. The Guardian's Football Weekly podcast managed to get a copy and read out some of the copy - suitably awful.
Best player(s)/ talisman: There's only one Jack Grealish. A Villa boy through and through, he's been with the club since 2001 (aged 6), and made his way into the first team in the 2013-14 season. He's been the centre of controversy a few times, most notably getting on the beers and passing out on a Tenerife street. Playing as a number 10, his quick feet and dribbling skills provide a number of goals and assists, as well as fouls. He probably went down a bit too easily when first in the Premier League, but time in the gym has noticeably toughened him up and he's a much more solid player as a result. One of the better players in the Championship, and due to Villa's abject finances, a transfer target for the likes of Leicester.
Rising star: Keinan Davis could possibly be it, potentially Andre Green and Rushian Hepburn-Murphy as well.
What happened last season?: Have you ever walked into a casino, spotted the roulette table and popped £10,000 on red? It's a bold strategy, Cotton. Let's see if it pays off. You've doubled your money if you win, but look like a right git if you lose. Villa figured this was a good way to approach 2017-18: spend millions on players, get in lots of loans, gamble everything on achieving promotion. After a so-so start, Bruce got the team playing well, stringing together a number of wins and moving through the playoff spots. Unfortunately they ran into a few teams playing out of their skin - champions Wolves ran away with the league and boasted a squad that included several Champions League players. Neil Warnock's Cardiff couldn't stop winning and grabbed the second automatic promotion. In the playoff final Villa came up against a Ryan Sessegnon-led Fulham and were just pipped at the post 1-0.
Summer transfer business (so far): It's one-way traffic, due to absolutely abysmal finances. Loan spells for Lewis Grabban, Robert Snodgrass, Josh Onomah and Sam Johnstone have all ended, which is almost the spine of the team (Johnstone in particular - he was arguably the best keeper in the Championship and personally bagged a number of wins). Plus clubs are circling to pick off whatever assets we have left (eg. Jack Grealish, James Chester). With no prospect of anyone new coming in, it looks like the youth academy will be getting a lot more game time.
Predicted starting XI: Possibly this, but half these players could be gone before the first match.
Best case scenario: Mid-table anonymity would have to be best case - Villa are a mess and could go down this time around.
Worst case scenario: Our finances are the real issue - they are dire. Villa need to find £9 million this month to avoid going into administration. Owner "Dr." Tony Xia is a billionaire, apparently, but tax bills went unpaid and the question remains if he's able to support the club as generously as he has in the past. Administration, points deductions and potentially relegation to League One are all real possibilities right now. It's not looking good.
Prediction: Due to financial irregularities in the 23 clubs above us, Villa will get into the Champions League and take out the likes of Atletico, Bayern and Real Madrid on the way to our second European Cup. "Taylor, Green, prepared to venture down the left. There's a good ball played in for Jack Grealish. Oh, it must be and it is! It's Keinan Davis!"
What will happen to your closest rivals?: Unfortunately the Scum managed to avoid League One in the final rounds of the season. Here's hoping they go one better. Agbonlahor to re-sign for one game: the Derby. And score the winner, again.

Middlesbrough by OneSmallHuman

Location: The Riverside Stadium, Middlesbrough
Founded: 1876
Nickname: The Boro (Or just Boro)
Major honours: The League cup 2003-2004 season
17/18 finishing position: 5th
Transfermarkt squad value: 79.34m
Manager: Tony Pulis became manager of us in late December 2017, replacing the sacked Garry Monk after a pretty lacklustre few months of the campaign (despite where our league position was). Pulis is known in England for being the man that is never relegated when in charge of someone in the top flight. We are all aware of Tony Pulis' style of football. You start by having a strong and massive defence and maximise your use of set pieces to gain an advantage. Pulis is a lover of all set piece plays, whether that is crossing the ball in from a corner or free kick, or launching a ball into the box from a throw in, they're all in his arsenal of weapons. 'Pulisball' as it is pretty much known. Pulis has achieved promotion from the championship once before with Stoke, and I hope he achieves it again with us this season
Best player(s)/ rising star: I mean, where else do I begin. Adama Traore. Arguably the best player in the championship on his day and is one of the most frightening dribblers in English football, maybe even world football. The winger is known for his speed and dribbling ability although is usually criticised for his lack of end product. Before last season I would've agreed, however 5 goals and 10 assists, with all but 2 assists coming before Pulis' arrival show the progression of the Spanish winger.
As for other members of the squad, Ben Gibson, the prodigal son. Boro through and through he's progressed into a commanding centre half with the ability to play out from the back thanks to Karanka. He gained attention and emerged as one of the few given credit after our disappointing premier league campaign but was only the subject of one bid upon our relegation, from now manager Tony Pulis. It remains to be seen whether he'll be here come the first game of the season, but I hope he will be.
As for future stars, Dael Fry, already has played 2 championship campaigns for us and looks as assured as a veteran of the game. Another centre half produced by our academy and he is being played in cdm this pre-season by Pulis, to add to his versatility. Hopefully a standout season for him, especially if Gibson does end up leaving. Finally, yes, he does always look as confused as images of him show.
What happened last season?: Well, the first half of the season was tragic under Monk. We played really poor football at times and looked like we hadn't defended a day in our lives. There was also no consistency in the team, we'd win one game then lose the next. A key theme under both managers however, was our inability to beat those around us in the table. After Pulis' appointment the results picked up and it ended with us finishing 5th in the table. We ultimately lost in the playoff semi finals to Aston Villa but honestly, we didn't think we'd even be in the top half around Christmas.
Summer transfer business (so far): Just the three deals to talk about so far. We've acquired Paddy McNair from Sunderland who looks like a decent player. He's been utilised in right back and midfield during pre-season so it looks like they'll be his positions for the season. I imagine he'll play alongside Clayts and Howson in a midfield three.
Aden Flint was signed from Bristol City and I think I'm in the minority when I say I don't like how much we paid for him. Obviously the man is a Pulis player but I'm a bit unsure about his defensive ability. That being said he's looked strong during pre-season and I'm sure Pulis will get the best out of him. Fabio departed our club for Nantes so we'll need more full back cover.
As for the rest of the window, I expect Gibson to leave but will be delighted if he doesn't. One of our strikers will also leave and Braithwaite should follow after his decent World Cup performances. We'll probably bring in a striker and a winger and hopefully hold onto Adama. That'd be a successful window in my eyes.
Predicted starting XI: My best guess The only other guess I could make is that Gibson might leave and then Ayala would start, but he's injured at this point in time. Britt might play over Gestede too if Pulis is feeling fancy.
Best case scenario: It has to be top of the pile right? It's not out of the question to imagine us up there and if everything clicks then we've got a chance. A defence that scores more than some teams' strikers, Adama channelling his inner Messi and finding consistency, Rudy/Britt/Bamford scoring for fun. It could be carnage.
Worst case scenario: I can't see us finishing outside the playoffs, if we did then that would be gut-wrenching. But if we did then that would most certainly be the worst. Realistically, it'd be losing in the playoffs... again, and if it were in the final again then god help me. Although saying this, now losing Bamford and maybe Traore will be a worst case scenario in itself, definitely if they're not replaced.
Prediction: Have to be confident, although it always kills me. 1st or 2nd. Tony Pulis and his nice white trainers carry us to the promise land. That being said, we never do it the easy way.
Best Match of Last Season Sorry Leeds fans, but it had to be. "Hattrick Bamford" as our Twitter account tweeted, 3-0 against Leeds with Adama running the show. Leeds clearly found some positive from the game as they're set to sign him off us. This was the sign of what we should've done more last season. Showed what Paddy could've been too if given an even more extended period in Striker by himself. Oh well.
What will happen to your closest rivals?: Who even are our closest rivals in this league? We're in geographical purgatory. Can't say Sunderland anymore so what? Leeds? Bielsa either turns them into the well oiled machine they hope for or he succumbs to the old Leeds ways and is sacked by December. As for the Mackems, probably promoted from League 1.
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Introducing the 10 stadiums of the Euro 2016 in France!

Welcome to this post fellow redditors! With the Euro 2016 less than 6 months away, it is time to introduce the stadiums that will host the fixtures of this tournament. For each city, you will find an in-depth description of the stadium, a photo album and a link to the city guide made by UEFA. Let me know if I made some mistakes or oversights. I hope you enjoy the reading!
Nota Bene:

BORDEAUX

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade de Bordeaux (Matmut-Atlantique)
Location: Cours Jules-Ladoumègue, 33300 Bordeaux, France
Coordinates: 44° 53′ 49″ N 0° 33′ 48″ W
Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 11/04/12
End of construction: 04/30/15
Cost: € 184m
Architect: Herzog & de Meuron
Owner: City of Bordeaux
Tenants: FC Girondins de Bordeaux
Inauguration: 05/23/15 (Bordeaux - Montpellier, 2-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 42,000 (42,115)
Attendance record: 42,115 (ASM Clermont Auvergne - Stade toulousain, 18-14, 06/06/15)
Pitch: Hybrid grass AirFibr
Major international football events: France – Serbia (2-1), 09/07/15
Other major sporting events: 2015 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals
Major concerts: -
Fixtures:
Group stage
Quarter-finals
Trivia: The Stade de Bordeaux is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016 and the replacement of the old stadium of Girondins of Bordeaux, Stade Chaban-Delmas, that hosted the 1938 and 1998 World Cup. This stadium is the cheapest of the 4 new stadiums. It has been designed by Herzog & de Meuron, architects of the famous Allianz Arena, and features a "floating" roof supported by 900 stranchions. In september 2015, the stadium has been named "Matmut-Atlantique" for 10 years and a price of € 2m per year.

LENS

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade Bollaert-Delelis
Location: Avenue Alfred-Maës, 62300 Lens, France
Coordinates: 50° 25′ 58″ N 2° 48′ 54″ E
Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: January 2014
End of renovation: July 2015
Cost: € 70m
Architect: Cardete et Huet
Owner: City of Lens
Tenants: Racing Club de Lens
Inauguration: 08/08/15 (Lens – Red Star, 1-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 35,000 (33,443)
Attendance record: 48,912 (Lens - Marseille, 2-1, 02/15/92)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events: Euro 1984; 1998 World Cup (Laurent Blanc golden goal leads France to the Quarter-Finals)
Other major sporting events: 1999 Rugby World Cup; 2007 Rugby World Cup
Major concerts: Matt Pokora and Magic System free concert for the RC Lens centenary (07/14/06); Johnny Hallyday (06/06/09)
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Trivia: The stadium was build back in 1932 by unemployed workers that found explosives shells and grenades during the construction. The stadium can accommodate the whole population of Lens and will still have more than 2,000 empty seats. It has the particularity to be the only stadium in France that has its supporters kop in the side stand and not in the curve as usual. It has been the location of a scene in the movie "Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis", leader of the all-time French box-office, where you can hear "Les Corons", famous song sung by Lens fans.

LILLE

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade Pierre-Mauroy
Location: 261 Boulevard de Tournai, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
Coordinates: 50° 36′ 43″ N 3° 07′ 50″ E
Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 03/29/10
End of construction: 07/15/12
Cost: € 282m
Architect: Valode & Pistre and Pierre Ferret
Owner: Eiffage Lille Stadium Arena
Tenants: LOSC Lille
Inauguration: 08/17/12 (Lille – Nancy, 1-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 50,000 (50,157)
Attendance record: 49,626 (France – Jamaica, 8-0, 06/08/14)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events: France – Jamaica (8-0), 06/08/14
Other major sporting events: 2014 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals; 2014 Davis Cup Final (France – Switzerland, 1-3); EuroBasket 2015 knockout stage; 2017 World Men’s Handball Championship
Major concerts: Rihanna concert (07/20/13); Patrick Bruel concert (09/06/14); Johnny Hallyday concert (10/09/15)
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Trivia: The Stade Pierrre-Mauroy is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016. It is the only stadium in France to have a retractable roof that can be closed or opened in half an hour. It also has a retractable pitch and can be used as a sporting arena. This stadium holds the attendance record for an European basketball game (26,922, Spain - France, 09/17/15) and for a Davis cup game (27,432, France - Switzerland, 11/21/14). The owner of the stadium also own the Millau Viaduct (world's tallest bridge structure and highest bridge in Europe) and the Channel Tunnel.

LYON

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade de Lyon (Parc OL)
Location: Chemin du Montout, 69150 Décines-Charpieu, France
Coordinates: 45° 46′ 01″ N 4° 58′ 52″ E
Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 10/22/12
End of construction: 01/06/16
Cost: € 405m
Architect: Populus
Owner: OL Groupe
Tenants: Olympique Lyonnais
Inauguration: 01/09/16 (Lyon – Troyes, 4-1)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 59,000 (59,500)
Attendance record: 55,169 (Lyon – Troyes, 4-1, 01/09/16)
Pitch: Hybrid grass AirFibr
Major international football events: 2019 Women’s World Cup
Other major sporting events: 2016 Challenge Cup and Champions Cup finals (Rugby)
Major concerts: -
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Semi-finals
Trivia: The Stade de Lyon is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016 and the replacement of the old stadium of Olympique Lyonnais, Stade de Gerland, that hosted the Euro 1984 and the 1998 World Cup. It is owned by Lyon and the only one of the 10 Euro 2016 stadiums to be owned by the football club that play in it. The stadium will be candidate to host the Europa League final in 2018.

MARSEILLE

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade Vélodrome
Location: 3, boulevard Michelet, 13008 Marseille, France
Coordinates: 43° 16′ 11″ N 5° 23′ 45″ E
Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: March 2011
End of renovation: June 2014
Cost: € 267m
Architect: SCAU
Owner: City of Marseille
Tenants: Olympique de Marseille
Inauguration: 10/19/14 (Marseille – Toulouse, 2-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 67,000 (67,394)
Attendance record: 65,148 (Marseille – PSG, 2-3, 04/05/15)
Pitch: Hybrid grass AirFibr
Major international football events: 1938 World Cup; 1998 World Cup (Dennis Bergkamp famous last minute goal against Argentina); Euro 1960; Euro 1984 (France vs Portugal epic semi-final)
Other major sporting events: 2007 Rugby World Cup; 2010 Rugby Challenge Cup final; 2011 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals
Major concerts: Johnny Hallyday (4 times); Pink Floyd (07/12/89); U2 (07/14/93); The Rolling Stones (06/20/90 & 07/05/03); The Police (06/03/08); AC/DC (06/09/09); Paul McCartney (06/05/15)
Fixtures:
Group stage
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Trivia: The Stade Vélodrome is named after the cycling track surrounding the pitch when it first opened in 1937. The stadium has hosted many sporting events during its history such as tennis, field hockey, boxing, motorsports, handball, boules, greyhound tracks, baseball, US football and cycling. It is the only stadium, beside the Parc des Princes, to have hosted the 5 international football tourmanents in France (1938 and 1998 World Cup, Euro 1960, 1984, 2016). Before the renovation, the stadium was roofless and opened to the elements and to the "Mistral", a famous wind blowing in the southeastern France.

NICE

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade de Nice (Allianz Riviera)
Location: Boulevard des Jardiniers, 06200 Nice, France
Coordinates: 43° 42′ 18″ N 7° 11′ 33″ E
Status: New stadium
Start of construction: 08/06/11
End of construction: September 2013
Cost: € 245m
Architect: Jean-Michel Wilmotte
Owner: City of Nice
Tenants: OGC Nice
Inauguration: 09/22/13 (Nice – Valenciennes, 4-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 35,000 (35,624)
Attendance record: 35,200 (France – Paraguay, 1-1, 06/01/14)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events: France – Paraguay (1-1), 06/01/14; France – Armenia (4-0), 10/08/15
Other major sporting events: RC Toulon rugby matches (6 in total)
Major concerts: -
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Trivia: The Stade de Nice is a new stadium build for the Euro 2016 and the replacement of the old stadium of OGC Nice, Stade du Ray. The National Sports Museum is located in the stadium and was opened in 2014 after being moved out from Paris. The stadium has been named "Allianz Riviera" for 9 years and a price of € 1.8m per year. It is environmentally friendly with more than 4,000 solar panels and its own geothermal installation for heating drawing over three times its own energy requirements. The stadium also uses rain water channelled from the stadium roof into four collection reservoirs for pitch watering.

PARIS

City guide
Photo album
Name: Parc des Princes
Location: 24, rue du Commandant-Guilbaud, 75016 Paris, France
Coordinates: 48° 50′ 29″ N 2° 15′ 11″ E
Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: May 2013
End of renovation: 2015
Cost: € 75m
Architect: Tom Sheehan
Owner: City of Paris
Tenants: Paris Saint-Germain
Inauguration: 05/25/72 (France – USSR, 1-3)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 45,000 (48,527)
Attendance record: 50,370 (France – Wales, 31-12, 02/18/89)
Pitch: Hybrid grass DESSO GrassMaster
Major international football events: 1938 World Cup; 1998 World Cup; Euro 1960; Euro 1984 (Luis Arconada famous mistake in the final against France); 3 European Cup finals (Real Madrid – Reims, 4-3, 06/13/1953; Bayern Munich – Leeds United, 2-0, 05/28/1975; Liverpool – Real Madrid, 1-0, 05/27/1981; 2 Cup Winners’ Cup finals (Anderlecht – Austria Vienna, 4-0, 05/03/1978; Arsenal – Real Zaragoza, 1-2, 05/10/1995); 1 UEFA Cup final (Lazio – Internazionale, 0-3, 05/06/1998)
Other major sporting events: 1991 Rugby World Cup; 2007 Rugby World Cup
Major concerts: Johnny Hallyday (7 times); Michael Jackson (4 times); The Rolling Stones (3 times); Red Hot Chili Peppers (06/15/04 & 07/06/07); U2 (09/06/97); David Bowie (06/14/97); Metallica (06/23/04); Iron Maiden (06/25/05); Robbie Williams (06/27/06); Muse (06/23/07); Genesis (06/30/07); Bruce Springsteen (06/27/08); Mika (07/04/08); Coldplay (09/07/09); Green Day (06/26/10)
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Trivia: The Parc des Princes used to host the national cup finals and be the national team stadium before the construction of the Stade de France. It also hosted 54 Tour de France finish. The stadium of the Stade Français (Parisian rugby team), Stade Jean Bouin, is right next to the Parc des Princes less than 100 meters away. The Paris ring road goes under the Parc des Princes and the Stade Jean Bouin through the Parc des Princes tunnel. The Parc des Princes pitch has been awarded "Best Ligue 1 Natural Pitch" the last 2 years thanks to Jonathan Calderwood, former Aston Villa's groundsmanager. After the Euro 2016, the Parc des Princes will be extented to a 60,000 capacity.

SAINT-DENIS

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade de France
Location: ZAC du Cornillon Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
Coordinates: 48° 55′ 28″ N 2° 21′ 36″ E
Status: Already build
Start of construction: 05/02/95
End of construction: 11/30/97
Cost: € 364m
Architect: Michel Macary, Aymeric Zublena, Michel Regembal, Claude Costantini
Owner: French State
Tenants: The France national football team, The France national rugby team
Inauguration: 01/28/98 (France – Spain, 1-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 80,000 (81,338)
Attendance record: 80,430 (South Africa – England, 15-6, 10/20/07)
Pitch: Natural grass
Major international football events: 1998 World Cup (Lilian Thuram 2 only goals in NT career qualify France for the final; Zinedine Zidane brace leads France to their first World Cup trophy); 2003 Confederations Cup; 2 UEFA Champion’s League finals (Real Madrid – Valencia, 3-0, 05/24/00; Barcelona – Arsenal, 2-1, 05/17/06); 2 World Cup qualifiers playoffs (France – Ireland, 1-1, 11/18/09; France – Ukraine, 3-0, 11/19/13)
Other major sporting events: 1999 Rugby World Cup; 2007 Rugby World Cup; 2010 H-Cup final; 2003 World Championships in Athletics
Major concerts: Johnny Hallyday (9 times); The Rolling Stones (5 times); AC/DC (5 times); U2 (5 times); Muse (4 times); Black Eyed Peas (3 times); Madonna (3 times); Beyoncé & Jay-Z (twice); Bruce Springsteen (twice); Paul McCartney (twice); David Guetta (twice); Depeche Mode (twice); The Police (twice); Prince (06/30/11); Céline Dion (twice); Metallica (05/12/12); Red Hot Chili Peppers (06/30/12); Coldplay (09/02/12); Lady Gaga (09/22/12); Rihanna (06/08/13); Eminem (08/22/13); Roger Waters (09/21/13)
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Final
Trivia: The Stadium was build for the 1998 World Cup and is the biggest stadium in France by capacity. It is the only stadium in the world to have ever hosted a World Cup football and a World Cup rugby final. It has movable seating that can be retracted to uncover part of the athletics track. The locker rooms were designed with the help of Michel Platini. The stadium has been used by Lille and Lens to host Ligue 1 games while their stadiums were being renovated or build. The Stade de France can resist winds up to 145 kph and a software simulating crowd dynamics was used during its conception.

SAINT-ETIENNE

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stade Geoffroy-Guichard
Location: 14, rue Paul et Pierre Guichard, 42028 Saint-Étienne, France
Coordinates: 45° 27′ 39″ N 4° 23′ 25″ E
Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: May 2011
End of renovation: December 2014
Cost: € 58m
Architect: Chaix & Morel et Associés
Owner: City of Saint-Etienne
Tenants: AS Saint-Etienne
Inauguration: 03/08/15 (Saint-Etienne – Lorient, 2-0)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 42,000 (42,000)
Attendance record: 47,747 (Saint-Etienne – Lille, 1-0, 05/11/85)
Pitch: Hybrid grass AirFibr
Major international football events: Euro 1984 (Michel Platini perfect hat-trick against Yugoslavia); 1998 World Cup (Michael Owen famous goal against Argentina); 2003 Confederations Cup
Other major sporting events: 2007 Rugby World Cup; 2010 French Rugby Championship (Top 14) Semi-finals
Major concerts: Bruce Springsteen (06/25/85); Johnny Hallyday (07/22/03); The Police (06/10/08)
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Trivia: The Stade Geoffroy-Guichard is named after the founder of the Casino retail chain. The nickname of the stadium is "Le Chaudron" (the Cauldron) due its reputation for the atmosphere. The stadium was build on old mine tunnels next to a steel factory and in the early days of the stadium, fumes from the factory's chimneys were known to drif across the pitch. The "Musée des Verts" located in one of the stadium's stand and showing the history of the Saint-Etienne club is the first museum in France dedicated to a football club. The museum exhibits the famous square posts that deny Saint-Etienne 2 goals (Dominique Bathenay long shot; Jacques Santini header) in the 1976 European Cup final against Bayern München in Glasgow.

TOULOUSE

City guide
Photo album
Name: Stadium de Toulouse
Location: Île du Ramier, 1, bis allées Gabriel Biénès, 31028 Toulouse, France
Coordinates: 43° 35′ 00″ N 1° 26′ 03″ E
Status: Renovated
Start of renovation: April 2013
End of renovation: December 2015
Cost: € 46m
Architect: Cardete et Huet
Owner: City of Toulouse
Tenants: Toulouse FC
Inauguration: 01/16/16 (Toulouse – PSG)
UEFA Capacity (normal capacity): 33,000 (33,300)
Attendance record: 40,000 (Toulouse – Sete, 0-0, 05/20/51)
Pitch: Hybrid grass AirFibr
Major international football events: 1938 World Cup; 1998 World Cup (Romania beat England 2-1 in the group stage); BONUS: Diego Maradona hits the post in the penalty shootout and qualifies Toulouse for the Second Round of the 1986-1987 UEFA Cup
Other major sporting events: 2007 Rugby World Cup
Major concerts: Michael Jackson (09/16/92)
Fixtures:
Group stage
Round of 16
Trivia: The Stadium de Toulouse in located on an island in the center of City on the Garonne river. Since november 2009, the East stand is named "Brice Taton", a Toulouse fan that died in Belgrade in september 2009 from his injuries caused by Partizan hooligans. The stadium is only one kilometer away to the AZF factory, ac hemical plant, that suffered a major explosion in september 2001 damaging the stadium. 6 months of repairs costing nearly € 600K were needed to fix the stadium.
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