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Martha M. (Payne) 'Marti' Brooks
Feb. 4, 1937 - May 6, 2020
Martha Maxine (Payne) Brooks "Marti" passed away May 6, 2020, surrounded by her family. A Full Flower moon lit her way that night. Marti lived her life with a dedication to learning, passion for family, abundant creativity, and resolute courage, even when she found herself ahead of the times, living alone the last half of her life, or ill.
Marti was born to J. Dean and Vera Payne Feb. 4, 1937 in Green City, Mo., joining older siblings Patricia Ann and Robert Dean. Her ranching family came west during the Dust Bowl and Great Depression, eventually making their home in the small, thriving city of Boise, Idaho. Marti attended Boise Public Schools and was involved in numerous activities in her youth, including Girl Scouts, school and church choirs, modeling, and volunteering. Marti was a proud graduate of Boise High School, Class of 1955. She met her husband Monte Brooks in McCall, Idaho where he was a smokejumper, and they married on her 19th birthday in 1956. They made their home in Boise, raising three children before divorcing in 1979. Marti and Monte remained lifelong friends until Monte passed away in 2010.
Marti was a lifelong learner, taking classes at Boise State University, the Oregon College of Art and Craft, and the First Unitarian (UU) Church in Portland. Marti was also a voracious reader, with a particular fondness for mysteries (Ian Rankin, Louise Penny, Reginald Hill and Sue Grafton were favorites), and she joyfully passed this passion on to her three children, all of whom remember weekly trips to the iconic Carnegie Library on Washington Street in Boise. "If you can carry them, you can check them out!" was her motto. She was instrumental in seeding this legacy with her grandchildren.
Marti was a dedicated volunteer at The St. Alphonsus' and St. Luke's Hospital Auxiliaries, Boise Junior League, Boise Public Schools, her UU Church Homeless Day Shelter, and SMART (Start Making A Reader Today) in Portland; they all benefited from Marti's unflagging energy and generous devotion of time. She was also a bold entrepreneur, co-owning Creativity, a macramé and weaving store, with her friend Marilyn Krahn, throughout the 1970s. In the 80s and early 90s, Marti developed a business selling her uniquely designed, hand-woven coats, blankets, and rugs in Boise, McCall, and Sun Valley, Idaho. In her 50s and 60s, she obtained and used professional licenses for Real Estate, Insurance, and Investments.
Marti was a gifted and disciplined artist, enjoying many medium, including painting, pastels, macramé, weaving, and paper and bookmaking. Marti's mother taught her how to create beautiful clothing, and she sewed play, school, and holiday wardrobes for herself and her young family. She was also a writer, winning awards for her poetry, and having both fiction and poetry published in multiple anthologies. Her homes and gardens reflected the joy Marti took in color, texture, proportion, and art. Family and friends were nourished body and soul by delicious food and lively conversation in beautiful surroundings when they were her frequent guests. She loved time with her friends, and was so proud of how interesting and varied they were. Friends from book club, walking group, church, choir, and writing groups, as well as lifelong friends in Boise and McCall were all cherished.
Given her curious nature, it's no wonder Marti was an enthusiastic traveler. She regularly traveled to the many different cities where her grandchildren lived. She marveled that she was able to travel throughout England, Ireland, Scotland, Austria, and Australia. She especially cherished a trip to Italy with her beloved sister Pat, and a tour she took with her church choir to sing in UU Churches in Slovenia and Budapest.
Marti was a "hellacious cheerleader" for all her grandkids. She attended countless soccer matches, swim meets, track meets, choir and dance recitals, cheerleading competitions, dragon boat races, and speech & debate fundraisers over the years. She believed fiercely in each one of them, marveling at their brilliance and being certain they would each change the world!
Marti was preceded in death by her parents and older sister, Patricia. She is survived by her brother, Robert Dean Payne; children, Karl (Mary) Brooks, Kerri Brooks-Cox, and MaryKay (Jeff) West; and grandchildren, Jenni, Dylan, Zach, Anna, Christina and Trey.
Due to the pandemic, a Celebration of Life for Marti will be held at a later date at the First Unitarian Church in downtown Portland. In lieu of flowers, we would be most grateful if donations could be made to SMART Reading "In Memory of Marti Brooks."
Please sign the online guest book at www.oregonlive.com/obits
source: http://obits.oregonlive.com/obituaries/oregon/obituary.aspx?n=martha-m-brooks-marti-payne&pid=196273259

Hello everybody:
I would like to ask you for your opinion about "Nacida para amar", performed by Nina (Spain 1989) and written by late composer Juan Carlos Calderón.
The song she performed was not especially in line with the 1980's style, perhaps it was too classic regarding melody, but the author's hallmark is undeniable. The lyrics were very suggestive, a real hymn to love that was psychologically very well built without being schmaltzy or cheesy. In fact, she was a favourite at the bookies (bookmakers) for victory that year and even Terry Wogan told Spanish commentator Tomás Fernando Flores it was his favourite song.
As a curiosity, German commentator Thomas Gottschalk (who became very famous in Germany because of "Wetten, dass...?") said that Nina looked like Latoya Jackson, Michael Jackson's sister.
I personally think she reminds me more of any African-American jazz, blues or gospel divas with that curly black teased-up hair in the style of Tina Turner of Whitney Houston. In fact, her main musical influence is black music and I even see vocal nuances thatparticularly remind me of Jewish-American singer Jennifer Rush (The power of love) in her due to her passionate, intense and emotional way to perform and transmit, even the orchestra applauded her. Moreover, the German jury based in Studio 1 in Unterföhring near Munich gave her 10 points because of this fact.Finally, I actually don't understand how silly, absurd and trashy songs like Denmark or Yugoslavia got better results than this song. It doesn't surprise me at all that the Spanish jury (TVE) based in Estudio A-4 at Torrespaña didn't vote for both songs, there were even better songs such as the United Kingdom, Sweden, Austria, Finland, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands or Portugal, among others, but that's my personal taste and sensitivity , judges had a very tough task back then (they watched the general rehearsal and the live performance).
All the best
Carlos M.S.

1. KTO

Video gaming sector experts created KTO as a new as well as innovative website which brings you reliable, registered gaming experience. KTO provides ensured services to its consumers and also make them really feel remarkably distinct. The squad running the website has greater than half a century of experience in the wagering market. Providing a vast array of port games and live betting clubs, it also supplies the best chance on the first sporting activities events also. The site constantly expects to adding the most up to date advancements. You can select from a varied variety of Payments treatments, languages and also money. The website is still taking actions to guarantee reasonable as well as safe pc gaming, thus still keeping up with as well as aiding the individuals.

1. GROSVENOR CASINOS

This site is an impressive online location, with impressive video games being worked on by finest programmers, keep up with their image. This website operates ground-based online casinos together with on-line gaming. You can become an associate of the club or online casino site. Consumer's experience is always essentially perfect that the firm gets respect whatsoever. Casino opts to give comfortable and also protected gaming experience to the customer. They declare to be one of the most popular casino in the UK, and also it appears when you come through the reviews of their online gambling establishment.

1. WILLIAM HILLSIDE

Bookmaker website sub-structured in London is also signed up on London stock exchange. The foundation was laid by William Hillside in 1934, at the time when Britain didn't support gambling. The leading company workplaces are located in the UK although the company runs all over the world, and about 14,000 people are utilized. This website supplies to bet online and likewise by phone. Greater than one million wagers are refined daily. In addition to the sportsbook, it also provides on-line bingo, gambling establishment, skill video games and so on

1. BOVADA

Bovada has been adding to an on the internet pc gaming experience because 2011, far better than anyone. Bets are taken down in the cross-functional sportsbook, Face publication, in the casino poker spaces or land gambling enterprises, are after that placed to retreat. Gamers have enjoyment as well as convenience and enjoy pleasing betting experience. Bovada has become a name in gambling web sites using poker, casino, poker and wagering in sporting activities as well as steed racing, and also one can count on. It can be a centralized location for on-line gaming, as it is taking sporting activities bettors near acting along with being secure and also fast. This is a pleasant site.

1. MY BOOKIE

This on-line betting site is run from Australia, Canada and also the United States. It was released in 2014 as well as is handled by BeOnSports former heads. This website put forward sports betting, games and race betting. The site allured customers via radio advertising campaigns and the internet. It ended up being a repeating sponsor for ESPN radio programs. Live wagering qualities provides the users to put a bet on a video game already in progress. In-play gambling borders essential soccer, tennis, hockey events. Live casino licenses consumers to enjoy preferred table games while they can chat with other users or suppliers during the game via online video streaming.

1. INTERTOPS

InterTops is adding to the pc gaming market by giving contentious chances and also outstanding favours. The firm is setting the highest requirements for the pc gaming industry. It is the globe's significant site for wagering and also on the internet gaming. This website is prancing its customer count in over 180 nations. Five hundred million dollars have actually been paid to the successful individuals around the world. This business is a well-reputed and also reliable source for the on the internet video gaming experience. In any location of on the internet pc gaming, InterTops use modern technology which adds to the enjoyment and pleasure. InterTops site is using 23 techniques. It has actually been placed 36,908 among sites because of 1,518,293 month-to-month site visitors.

1. BETUS

This firm, structured in 1994, is an inconspicuously operated on the internet gaming company offering to bet on online sporting activities, derby and also gaming. Your internet browser can be utilized for on spot video gaming. BetUs runs a mobile programme, m.betus.com. Gamers can check out the on the internet gambling establishment on the mobile website as well can give up their sports wagers. It additionally provides real-time betting. This feature is adjourned during damaging moments and also is resumed in a safe environment.

1. BET9JA

As mentioned by Alexa.com, the second most seen website in Nigeria is Bet9ja. This website uses to bet on prime sport events held in Nigeria. It was inaugurated in 2013. Consumers go to the site for high-rank odds on football and to experience best online wagering solution. It was founded as an offline pc gaming platform versus various other online systems. Bet9ja got a superior action in the first 3 years of operation accompanied by a substantial turnover. The Bet9ja group is constantly enhancing the site by adding up to date as well as interesting features to the website. It earns millions of Naira every year. This website is approved as well as insured under the Lagos State lottery game board. In 2015, Bet9ja was the executive sponsor for Nigeria's Women's Football League.

1. FOLLOWER ORGANIZATION

Hi, FOLLOWER ORGANIZATION exists users with social football experience by giving a platform for the fans where they can connect and engage. Every weekend the participants need to prophesize the end result of English football suits. Competitions can be held between close friends, competence, or the on the internet community and rewards are paid in cash money. This job, includes growth for web, iphone and also Android, was created by Tallium for a Swedish based company. Besides, being a wagering platform as well as reward earning website, this site brings the football neighborhood together. FAN ORGANIZATION mixes the betting with the social structure, which supplies the individuals with an enjoyable gaming understanding. Betting on online games is supplied, as well as the profits are upgraded with every goal that is racked up. At the end of the match, users can see which of their forecasts were exact or off-target. The application also apprises concerning the most up to date football information as well as expertise prognosis on the social feed. Customers can produce leagues as well as evaluate their skills against other participants. The gamers are allowed to attach and also talk using public conversations. FAN LEAGUE choose the professionals, users can get assist from them, as well as they likewise suggest just how to place an effective wager.

1. 3ET

3et is among the brand new software application giving a sole betting service. Bettors are designated totally free as well as safe strategy to the wagering market. Arrangements and accepted wagers are all done by 3et without any voidness. A significant platform is offering the highest possible limitations and most exceptional odds for sporting activities betting. 3et has a method to all vital bookies and also exchanges. 3et advanced half time and edge wagers for football. This website offers individuals one of the most successful betting experience. They mention to be the best as well as purchasers will be so happy they will never need any other sportsbook.3 et belongs to Eurasia sporting activities restricted. They assure open accessibility to their deals without charging the players any kind of commission. This site is easy to use still suffices to catch specialist acknowledgment. Utilizing the 3et app customers can access the bets from anywhere around the globe. It is only obtainable in the English language. Lowest cost bets can be launched at 1 Euro, and when customers obtain the on specifying the occasion, the ultimate price is presented on the slip.

1. BETSAT

Betsat is the current name in the betting market that is established in Turkey. It tries to draw customers from Europe and various other continents and attempting to convince them that the website is adventitious. This company faces significant competition from within the country as well as from the claimed European wagerers. Betsat is ingrained in Turkey, being on the go amongst Turkish players and proudly highlights its viewers. They use multilingual aid to the customers, as well as the web site can additionally be translated in German, Spanish and also English to make sure. This website recommends an indiscriminate blend of sporting activities to draw in Turkish as well as European customers. Football and also basketball are uniformly famed in Turkey as well as around the continent which magnifies the popularity of the website. When it comes round live betting, the site offers to bet on tennis, football basketball after the game has actually begun.

1. INFINIWIN

Rooted in Malaysia, INFINIWIN is the leading online betting workshop. This rejuvenating brand largely concentrates on texas hold'em and also other table gaming products. INFINIWIN provides a remarkably good value of premium video gaming products. They ensure that the individuals are going to get the noticeably superior wagering experience. This website has a superior team aiding the clients as well as assisting the individuals in various languages.

1. MAXBET

MAXBET is currently leading the video gaming industry in Central as well as Eastern parts of Europe with a quickly raising energy. This business is at the forefront of Europe's betting industry following its tactical partnership with Italian lotto game monster Lottomatica. Enthusiastic clients are offered numerous fortunate possibilities for winning at gambling establishments, wagering games and vending machine. Events are arranged on a regular as well as month-to-month basis. MAXBET guarantees that consumers rely on them for a risk-free as well as safe and secure gaming domain name.

1. BETLAND

Betland.com is a well-reputed bookie that runs online and by means of mobile in Nigeria. After its relaunch, it has ended up being even faster and well organized. Odds and also betting lines are used on a series of sporting activities which are just as popular in Nigeria and also other countries as well. Betting supplies on some considerable sporting activities occasions outside Nigeria gives a worldwide personality to the website. Betland aims to provide its services to all groups of bettors neglecting their financial condition.

1. BETSSON

BETSSON uses tradition for gambling, online casino bingo and also sports wagering. This company has actually stemmed from Sweden. It works through 20+ brand names that give video gaming items. This firm financial resources as well as handles the on-line pc gaming business. BETSSON intends to surmount the pc gaming sector in practical manners, although it is among the topmost in Europe.

1. PARIMATCH

Operating given that 1996, PARIMATCH has actually turned into a worldwide video gaming website. They state themselves among the leaders of the video gaming sector and so are always anticipating improving the top quality and automation and also adding to the events daily, stats and evaluation are provided night and day. Users are provided to bank on 20+ sports in above 60 nations along with 200 organizations as well as greater than 600 sporting activities occasions.

1. BET-AT-HOME

This is a European business established in 1999. It was released online in March 2000. Initially, it was rotated to on the internet sporting activities wagering, however it was redesigned with the launch of on-line casino site and also after that the system for playing poker. Different betting options are used on sporting occasions as sports scheduling is the website's main dish.

1. TIPBET

This gambling firm, based in Malta, has actually revealed exceptional growth given that 1995. With a selection of on-line video gaming options, land-based stores are also established. TIPBET sustains wagering and also odds on all primary sporting activities occasions and likewise holds a terrific range of gambling establishment video games.

1. RedZoneSports

A fresh bookmaker taken part in sports wagering, specifically in the UK as well as America is named RedZone Sports. The site is highly in cognition with as well as also possessed by the Spotnation bookies. Argyll Amusement AG. Attacking the gaming sector in 2017, this fresh bookie reveals wonderful rate of interest in America's sportsbooks. The website is regulated by The Gaming Commission, a highly suggested global gambling authority, and this assures the user that the cash they are investing is safe and also secured. With a considerable focus on games like United States football, baseball as well as hoops, this internet site consigns helpful odds on several sporting activities. It is possible for the individual to play online or In-play alternatives are likewise available. This website gives the individual an authentic wagering experience by providing large-scale hypothesizing markets.

1. BetStars Sportsbook

Casino poker celebrity, very acquainted as well as honoured on-line texas hold'em service provider, spin-offs the Betstars website. The website is visited consistently by countless consumers who are intended to seek satisfaction from all the on-line alternatives the website gives. This substantial number of punters seeing the site has actually helped the site being deemed as one of the most rated bookies around the globe.

1. wager

Malta video gaming authority supervises of synchronizing PWR wager, a just recently added mobile-friendly bookmaker site. This site was presented in 2018. This site exceedingly advertises via its application, however as being an Android app, it is unfeasible for the people utilizing the apple iphone. Among others, this site provides betting on the derby, football as well as additionally sustains E-Sports wagering.

1. MoPlay Sportsbook

MyMoPlay collaborates with Manchester United along with Watford FC. The business has actually been taken down by IBAS, which forefronts its dependence as a good pc gaming system. Customers can locate a large series of sports to bet on. It also introduced its app for the best online experience in sports wagering.

1. RoBet Sportsbook

RoBet established foot into the European on-line bookie market in 2019. Government of Curacao oversees the site guaranteeing that it goes along with honest implementation of sporting activities scheduling. The customers can confide in them for leisure ventures.

1. Jetbull Sportsbook

Jetbull was founded in 2007. This site is secondary to OddsMatrix. Different languages are passed on the internet site. The site has ingrained markets in football, supplying countless chances yet is concentrated constrained to concentrate on US players.

1. LuckyBet

Luckybet uses open chances for European, Canadian players and likewise gamers from New Zealand. Abundant gaming choices as well as rewards as well as the contemporary website design includes in the impact the site has on gamblers and punters. Many online internet sites attempt to reproduce their articulation.

1. Redbet

Redbet, a premier online casino brand name intervened in the on theinternet sporting activities reserving industry. This site was produced in 2002 with a mission of producing fun for the individual by attracting them to the website by supplying successful chances. It is a well-reputed website where the gamer's joy is the initial issue.

1. Fonbet

FonBet was introduced previously in 2002. This site is a Russian bookie site. Russia as well as Eastern Europe birth a substantial number of participants of FonBet. This bookie is certified in Curacao. Therefore the certificate, the site detains, UK as well as UNITED STATES consumers are limited from making use of the on-line bookie.

1. ComeOn

ComeOn became a brand-new bookie website in 2009. It is a secondary firm of Co-Gaming Limited. Malta Pc gaming Authority administrates the site. To operate in the UK, they are accredited from the UK Gambling Compensation. Markets of Scandinavia are the prime focus of the site.

1. Marathonbet

Marathonbet was acknowledged in 1997 as a self -reliant bookmakers site. It is run by Panbet Limited, a firm that is in charge of running retail barters in the UK. This bookmaker website is deeply committed towards the UK members although it is well-reputed worldwide

1. MyBet

It is hosting the tremendous variety of sporting competitions regarding greater than 14,000, this site is a significant on-line bookie and has a superb great deal of customers around the continent. Besides offering various high-grade sportsbook events, it designates the players assurance with the modern technology that is comparable to Europe's safety criteria.

1. Betbarter

This is the primary and the most relied on the site of India. It is an on the internet showing off occasion betting site. The web site is amazing as well as uses straightforward expression. Individuals can select BetBarter versus their competitor whenever. The bargains made by BetBarter protrude the marketplace. BetBarter likewise inspects the internet sites which provide fast payments and also various other feasible means of withdrawals.

1. Bodog888

Bodog888 is recognized to be a participant of the world-famous gambling enterprise Bodog and is sometimes acknowledged as Bodog Asia. This site gives a huge range of moral online casino and also texas hold'em wagering. It also involves Oriental bettors by sporting activities reserving. This site has gained the distinction by offering the very best performance as well as illustratory attributes. The website supplies the best aid and also rewards.

1. BetEast

Arised from Asia in 2016, BetEast asserts to be the most effective expanding wagering brand name. This business offers a substantial range of eSports solutions, casino site and live wagering as well as values subscriptions from worldwide. Its emphasis is to make a dash out there of Europe. The simplicity of the website format hits the customer instantly. The company has a substantial interest in the UK Betting markets. The site offers a comprehensive betting experience with giving a substantial number of on-line port video games.

1. Bet-at-home

This company arised in 1999 later on releasing its website in March 2000. It soon became a supply firm and was provided at the stock market. This website is a credible sponsor for worldwide game events. It supplies betting odds on prominent gaming occasions. Followed by more than 4 million customers, it has become one of a kind sports scheduling site in Europe. All the info regarding the wagers placed as well as payouts are offered on their site.

1. Setantabet

This website offers important odds on pc gaming and also horse racing. The website is compatible with mostly all mobile devices. The website has a substantial collection of slot video games and gambling enterprises for the customers. It additionally features a live gambling establishment with single and multiplayer choices. The website likewise aids the individuals through live Chat.

1. CasinoSahara

It is a little gambling establishment on account of the gathered earnings, yet is taken into consideration a hot area. This internet site is readily available in a range of languages. Live betting games are readily available with different payment methods. Live Conversation is not open 24/7 that is somewhat a drawback to the website.

1. BetEasy

This bookie website, established in 2014, emerges from Australia giving online betting and sporting activities remedies to the clients. This site is a subsidiary of The Celebrity Team. This website formally funds the Australian Football Organization.
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1. SuperBet

This is a South African bookies website established in 2008. The website captivates clients from around the continent. In addition to offering considerable betting games collection online, this site runs 50 land-based stores in Africa. The arrangement with EFC includes in the compatibility of the website.
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1. CasiniaBet

As opposed to the suitable bookies, Casinia wagered offers fewer choices for online betting as well as video gaming occasions. Still, the considerable contests are offered proper coverage that makes it challenging for the punters to separate between the leading bookies and also CasinoBet sportsbooks.
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1. mercurybet

This is a leading online video gaming website as well as online pc gaming. This website amplifies your exhilaration and gives you with a pleasurable experience with its thrilling wagering system. Customers can challenge themselves and also others with day-to-day and regular promotions.
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1. Jojobet

This site interacts with a large range of video gaming markets. This website supports bitcoins which includes in the variety of individuals around the world. This website has gained significant repute quickly by providing high odds on numerous betting games. It gives its clients with appreciable services.
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1. Bet8

This is a legally run business in Greece and also declares to satisfy also one of the most requiring clients This is website offers you to bet on above 11,000 sports events taking place on a monthly basis. The site likewise offers excellent probabilities with low price margins to its valuable consumers.
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1. Blackbet

This site is greatly giving a greatly favorable experience to its customers. It is dealt with by passionate staff member intending to offer an outstanding service to the punters. More than 20 sports are available for live betting at this reservation website.
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1. WinnerUK

This website is very recommended for scheduling on competition. They supply great recurring offers together with other recognized promos. This is a powerful yet well-assisting platform for on-line betting as well as sportsbooking.
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1. Wager at Home

Bet-at-home is the certified bookie based in Malta and also Austria. Their company went on expanding with the discussion of an on the internet gambling establishment in 2005. They later on developed into a supply partnership and also in 2009 became a part of the Betclic Everest Team. Their management centre is currently at Portomaso Business Tower in Malta as well as is accredited and controlled by the Malta Gambling Payment.
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1. Twinspires

It is just one of the earliest name present in the field of on the internet sporting activities betting, having actually grabbed popularity amongst customers given that its facility right around ten years in the past. Authorized by the UK Gaming Commission, it is just one of the most relied on on-line betting sites available.
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1. One Hash

One Hash is already the market head in wagering all over the world, with a huge variety of clients in many countries. Their wagering deals pre-competition or online wagering is very broad. Additionally, this manager communicates its online gushing TELEVISION terminal, countless pc gaming competitors.
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1. Mr Eco-friendly

On a remarkable assortment of video games, a vast array of wagers are used by bookmakers, which are determined based on chance. By wagering on these unique possibilities, a bettor can get money on rewarding wagers. It is consistently the situation that the very best online wagering sites for sports will be those that use the very best prospective benefits.

Betbarter intends to display the web sites of the most effective bookies, as endorsed by the Gambling Compensation, with the objective that you can best make the most of your betting experience. The checklist we are going to give is amongst the list of best-betting sites in 2020. Additionally, we are going to highlight those websites with versatile gambling plans and offer a customer experience for the internet users around the globe. Right here is the listing to beware!
Bet365
Bet365 allows you discover wagering alternatives for numerous sports competitions like cricket, football as well as many more. Individuals from around the globe find bet365 a safe and secure and reliable site to place on the internet wagering. Bet365 is as of now the marketplace head in wagering around the globe, with a substantial variety of customers in many nations. Their betting offers pre-competition or online betting is incredibly wide. Also, this administrator communicates its live gushing TV station, numerous pc gaming competitors.
Betbarter
Betbarteris among the oldest name existing in the field of on-line sporting activities wagering, having actually picked up fame among customers since its facility right around ten years previously. Authorized by the UK Gambling Compensation, it is just one of one of the most relied on online betting websites readily available.
Betway
Betway provides ₤ 30 to the customers that are new to the globe of on-line betting. This bookmaker comes from the team of Carmen Media.
Wager in the house
Bet-at-home is the accredited bookie based in Malta and also Austria. Their business kept extending with the presentation of an online gambling enterprise in 2005. They later on developed into a stock partnership as well as in 2009 became a part of the Betclic Everest Group. Their administrative centre is currently at Portomaso Company Tower in Malta and is authorized as well as controlled by the Malta Gaming Compensation.
The Basic understanding of Bookmaking
Prior to entering into just how we decide the very best online betting website for sports offered, it is important to assist ourselves to remember the idea of a bookmaker. Or else online wagering websites, or even more casually as 'bookies', these drivers represent significant authority in internet betting - which can be on popular games, for example, cricket, football, tennis or b-ball, or on some other video games discipline that is accepted under the Gaming Commission.
Especially made to serve a great deal of target market, these bookmakers [1] betting sites in India: are an ideal place for sporting activities fanatics. The sports bettor are a lot more worried with positioning bets on prominent video games, yet smaller sized wagers are also ongoing throughout the year.
On an extraordinary array of video games, a wide range of wagers are provided by bookmakers, which are identified according to probability. By wagering on these unique possibilities, a bettor can obtain money on worthwhile bets. It is on a regular basis the scenario that the best online betting websites for sports will be those that provide the best prospective rewards.
Just how do we identify the most effective wagering site?
As you browse the internet, you will certainly get to know that there are numerous bookies presently running throughout the globe. Furthermore, it is challenging to check out the waters to choose the best among them. Thus, especially to trigger you and offer you the best sports betting experience, we have actually established the positioning of the best online bookies, because of an objective and also level-headed examination. You will certainly locate this ranking over.
Firstly, we take into account the probabilities provided by different websites. The analysis process figures out the odds and picks the top amongst them. At the factor when the chances offered are higher, the possible additions of a wagerer are expanded, as well as it is bookmakers that routinely provide the best odds on all games that remain at the front of the pack.
The 2nd point we take into consideration is the reputation of the website prior to opening up an account. Although the licenses offered by the Gaming [2] wagering websites in India commission provide an indicator of security to punters, it is additionally prescribed to enlist with a bookie that has a respectable track record to ensure a 100% secure betting experience, with no problems.
The following point we identify is the rating of the website given by the customers having account of them. Furthermore, there are elements like sports vary offered and many more that we would like to talk about in our next blog.

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William Hill are offering a £5 free bet for every game that England win, including OT and pens, if you stick £10 or more on them to win outright (or £10 E/W). It's a bit sneaky though, you have to follow the offer through to back the bonus selection, you can't just pick from the outright market (this is what you're looking for). Seems like free money to me, as I can't see England failing to get out of the groups this year.
Skybet are offering a £3 free bet per game won, also when you stake £10, but the offer is open to any team you back. As always, use oddschecker to make sure you're not getting shafted on the price. I've stuck £10 on England with Hills, and £10 on Belgium with Sky.
Betfair are also offering a £5 free bet for every game your outright winner wins, but you have to stake £25 (sportsbook only, not exchange). Value isn't as good as the other two, but you can combine it with their new customer offer (3 x £10 free bets). [credit: GeneralRam]
Stan James are offering a £5 free bet every time your outright top goalscorer scores, when you stake £20 (£10 E/W). This offer isn't limited to a goal per game, but maxes out at 10 goals (£50 in free bets) [credit: Crompee01]
Paddypower are also offering a £5 free bet if your outright top goalscorer scores, but it's only one free bet per match, and you have to stake £25 (or £12.50 E/W)
Note: All of these offers only apply to the first team/scorer you back with that company, so if you want to back more than one, back them with different companies.
As always there's also a host of new customer offers, so shop around, but check their terms. If anyone knows of any other decent Euro offers, stick 'em in!

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With all the songs selected and the dust settled we've come to a point where we can be fairly confident that the eventual winner is in the current odds top ten, as has been the case in 9 of the previous 10 years. We can expect 4 to 7 of the countries in this list to actually end up in the top ten. Last year they actually only missed Moldova and Norway at this point, if we exclude Russia. Still, to put things into perspective, had you put some money on Austria on April 1st 2014, you would have got 50 times the money back. (Not saying anything, just saying that's what you'd get for Italy today.) I've included the implied probablities, just to show how far ahead the top 3 are to the rest of the pack. Don't take them too seriously though as they are all a bit inflated.
 
Top Ten
1 (+15) Israel | 30-40% chance to win
On March 11th, the bookmakers finally found their front runner in the unlikely form of Netta Barzilai. The addictive and irreverent 'Toy' carries all the signs of a Eurovision winner: an unforgettable song, a credible performer, an ingenious gimmick, a relevant but unintrusive message. Still, three times the money seems outlandish to my untrained eyes.
 
2 (+1) Estonia | 12-17% chance to win
Elina lived up to expectations by utterly obliterating the opposition at Eesti Laul, receiving 5 times as many votes as second placed Rästa. While the fandom might have moved on to shinier objects, perhaps not having to bear the burden of being outright favorite will work in Estonia's favor.
 
3 (-1) Czech Republic | 10-12% chance to win
After another month, it has become apparent that Czechia not only has a good song and a good singer, but a cogent package. Mikolas live performances have done nothing to hurt his chances. Rather the opposite, with small gestures he conveys a laid back, understated confidence. The pre-chorus is very strong.
 
4 (+9) Belgium | 6-9% chance to win
Crisp like their waffles, bitter-sweet like their chocolate, brilliant like their diamonds, "A Matter of Time" countinues Belgium's streak of excellence. Despite their recent success, they've cunningly avoided being labeled 'desperate to win'. The detractors would claim the song takes too long to get to the chorus, and lacks a 'wow factor'. Really?
 
5 (+2) Australia | 5-8% chance to win
The predictable and inoffensive but technically refined entry was deemed uplifting enough to maintain Australia's strong position. Much like with their oblong Scandinavian neighbor, many are expecting a lopsided tele/jury split, as 'good enough' rarely is what makes people pick up their phones. On the other hand, the universal appeal might ironically make the song stand out in a field of try-hards.
 
6 (-1) Sweden | 5-8% chance to win
While sane people are expecting a similar to or slightly worse result than last year, the more superstitous out there might notice that just like 2012 and 2015: the juries and televote agreed on the winner in MelFest; Sweden performs in the second half of the second semi; it's the third year in the fabled "flop, 3rd, 1st" cycle, which started in 2010. (Sweden would have finished 3rd in 2017 under the old system.)
 
7 (-6) Bulgaria | 4-8% chance to win
After Israel had stolen their thunder, the March 12 release of the ethereal, otherwordly "Bones" felt a bit anticlimactic. Bulgaria clearly wants to cement their position as a powerhouse with their bold larger-than-life approach to Eurovision, but they need to avoid coming across as overly cynical or pretentious. And when did a group last win ESC? Do '01 or '97 count?
 
8 (+4) France | 4-6% chance to win
Selected more than two months ago now, the swank fan favorite has garnered new trust from the market. Madame Monsieur has been rather blunt with the political overtones of the song, which could sink it if it's perceived as being too self righteous. France has failed to deliver before.
 
9 (+9) Norway | 3-8% chance to win
Few where talking about Norway as a credible contender before the MGP final. Somehow Rybak bringing a violin seemed too obvious. But his convincing victory, with decent jury support and outstanding viewer support, reminded us that the age defying semi-Belarusian can bring a party on stage. Difficult to asses.
 
10 (+1) The Netherlands | 2-5% chance to win
With the same singer and stage director as 2014, and in a genre that stays close to what we'd expect from Netherlands, we can expect another strong result. Waylon's whiskey infused Americana is arresting enough to corner the market for rock enthusiasts, yet generic enough not to scare away casual listeners.
 
Shortening
11 (+6) Greece
15 (+10) Austria
17 (+10) Portugal
25 (+6) Lithuania
29 (+6) Macedonia
Another receipt on how strong the end of the song selection season was. Or how weak the beginning was, however you wanna look at it.
Lengthening
12 (-6) Spain
14 (-10) Finland
18 (-8) Germany
21 (-13) Russia
32 (-12) Croatia
33 (-9) Poland
It's difficult not to see Finland as the big loser of the month. At one point they were 1st in the odds, but the UMK perfomances made us put into question coreographer Brian Friedman's understanding of Eurovision staging. Although the ideas were good, there were about 10 too many of them.
Russia's decidedly unimpressive effort might give them their worst result ever. (Curently 17th, amazingly.) Not only do they have to deal with a forgettable song and skeptical juries, Russo-phobic sentiments are once again on the rise in the west. The concept of "I won't break" might backfire, unless Yulia can connect to the viewers at home.

Aggiornamento 11 giugno - Tutti gli aggiornamenti, compresi quelli sulla questione dell'articolo su La Stampa, le trovate nell'altro post con i risultati definitivi.

Ciao Italy. Vorrei provare un piccolo esperimento che richiede solo qualche minuto del vostro tempo.
Aggiornato il 9 giugno - ore 16.30: tutti i risultati sono qui sotto, grazie a tutti per la partecipazione!
Commentate possibilmente i risultati in questo nuovo thread ad hoc (aperto dietro approvazione dei mod, che ringrazio).
Premessa
Tempo fa qui su Reddit ho scoperto UNU, una piattaforma di Swarm Intelligence, ovvero una forma di “intelligenza di gruppo” che, se sfruttata in un certo modo, permetterebbe di effettuare previsioni accurate grazie alla collaborazione fra più individui. Non è esattamente quel che si intende in informatica per Swarm Intelligence, a dirla tutta, ma la prendiamo per buona. Se non altro perché, secondo quanto sostengono i creatori di UNU (ma certi esperti di AI sono tutt’altro che convinti), la swarm intelligence è in grado di offrire previsioni più accurate di quanto non riesca a fare un singolo individuo. Per dirla semplice, la capacità di prevedere un evento da parte di un gruppo di individui è superiore alla somma delle singole capacità di previsione individuali.
Una giornalista di Tech Insider, qualche settimana fa, è riuscita ad usare UNU per prevedere precisamente la “Superfecta” (combinazione dei quattro cavalli vincenti in ordine di arrivo) del Kentucky Derby. La combinazione era data dai broker a 1 a 540. Forse ne avrete letto proprio qui su Reddit, dove i creatori di UNU avevano reclutato le “menti” che hanno fornito i pronostici e dove poi hanno tenuto un’AMA, tanto storica quanto tragicomica.
EspEURImento
Mi piacerebbe ripetere l’esperimento, però con gli Europei di calcio. In particolare vorrei provare a vedere se riusciamo a beccare le 6 squadre che passeranno prime nel rispettivo girone e le coppie di squadre (non in ordine) che passeranno prima e seconda in ogni gruppo. Una volta ottenuti i risultati ovviamente li condividerò qui pubblicamente e chi vorrà potrà usarli per scommettere. Ho provato ad usare UNU, però, e trovo che la piattaforma sia tremendamente acerba, totalmente USA-centrica (soprattutto negli orari di ritrovo degli utenti, pensati per le ore serali della Costa Atlantica). Inoltre sospetto che per la suddetta natura USA-centrica gli utenti siano comunque privi di qualsiasi conoscenza calcistica di base, non necessaria ma comunque utile per evitare dei completi e totali outliers. Potrei invitarvi su UNU ad una determinata ora, ma dovreste creare un account, farvi trovare online e rispondere poi alle domande. Insomma, uno sbattone che non vi voglio chiedere.
Come UNU, meglio di UNU (o forse no) Anziché impostare un gruppo su UNU ho creato pertanto un Google Form con 12 domande a scelta multipla. Ora, so bene che la swarm intelligence è ben altra cosa rispetto ad un semplice sondaggio, ma a quanto pare UNU ottiene risultati rilevanti con una metodica che è di fatto un poll con un limite di tempo preimpostato per rispondere alla singola domanda. Poi ci mettono sopra una grafica fighetta con dei MAGNETI (la catnip dei Nerd) per attirare una lente su una risposta. Insomma, una sovrastruttura che mi pare francamente inutile.
Suggerimenti e critiche sono ben accetti. Vi chiedo solo di non prendere la faccenda troppo sul serio ma comunque di non tirare risposte a caso e di limitare l’invio del modulo ad uno per persona. Pensate e agite come se stesse facendo la vostra bella schedina alla ricevitoria, insomma.
Link al Google Form
Per registrare il vostro pronostico collegatevi a questo Google Form:
Link nel primo commento, per evitare che il self.post sia riconosciuto come spam.
Rispondete alle dodici domande selezionando una delle opzioni disponibili.
Il form rimarrà aperto pubblicamente da oggi (7 giugno) alle 18.00 ora italiana fino alle 13.00 di giovedì 9 giugno. Nel pomeriggio di giovedì processerò i dati raccolti e vi fornirò qui il pronostico (ed eventualmente l’accesso allo spreadsheet con le risposte) con le percentuali delle varie previsioni vincenti. Sentitevi liberi di condividerlo ovunque, più risposte raccogliamo meglio è.
Grazie, spero nella vostra collaborazione! :)
tl;dr: rispondete al Google Form (link sopra) così vediamo se riusciamo a fare la schedina perfetta per gli Europei grazie alla nostra “intelligenza dello sciame”. Non vi costa nulla, solo 2 minuti per rispondere alle domande, poi vi condivido tutto giovedì pomeriggio. Dai che sbanchiamo di brutto.

EDIT 1: 8 giugno, ore 15.00

Grazie a tutti i votanti, stiamo andando alla grande. Mi fa piacere che l'iniziativa sia piaciuta! :)
Abbiamo già raccolto circa 290 risposte. Domani nel primo pomeriggio farò un secondo edit con cui posterò un report sintetico sulle risposte vincenti, link ai grafici completi e se riesco un confronto fra il nostro "sentiment" e le quote di lottomatica o snai per gli antepost! Con un inaspettato gemellaggio, da soccer betting ringraziano e hanno piazzato qualche risposta pure da lì.
Nel frattempo se volete continuate a condividere il form con amici e conoscenti. :) A domani con l'aggiornamento finale.

EDIT 2: 9 giugno, 14.30 - Risultati Finali

Eccoci, ho i risultati finali e li sto organizzando per pubblicarli qui. Datemi ancora un'oretta massimo e arrivano. Intanto vi posso dire che i votanti sono stati 343.
Ci siamo. Avete detto la vostra e abbiamo i risultati.
Di seguito vi presento i risultati già tabellati, ripresi direttamente dalle statistiche di Google Forms, che le organizza in maniera automatica. Poi qualche considerazione personale, a cui chiedo ovviamente di aggiungere le vostre nei commenti. Per le quote ho fatto riferimento (per comodità mia, che ho accesso al sito di) a quelle di Better, cioè Lottomatica. Quasi sicuramente non sono le migliori sul mercato.

Squadre che si qualificheranno prime

Ecco le squadre che secondo la nostra previsione collettiva si classificheranno prime del rispettivo Gruppo. Sono elencate in ordine dal gruppo A al gruppo F. La percentuale è relativa al numero di voti, ma volendo per estensione potremmo interpretarla come la probabilità (secondo lo "sciame") che l'evento si verifichi. Nel caso vogliate giocarvi la schedina con le vincenti individuate dallo sciame, giocate direttamente queste squadre.

• Francia - 95,6%
• Inghilterra - 87,5%
• Germania - 97,1%
• Spagna - 81%
• Belgio - 60,1% (Italia seconda, cfr. tabelle qui sotto)
• Portogallo - 84,5%

Quota totale Better per la scommessa con queste 6 squadre: 21,65 Con 10€ si vincono 216,5€ (+bonus)

Coppie di squadre che si classificheranno prima e seconda

Ecco le due squadre che si classificheranno prima e seconda del girone (non in ordine). Anche in questo caso l'elenco corrisponde all'ordine alfabetico dei gruppi e la percentuale ha lo stesso valore di cui sopra. Qui le percentuali comprensibilmente scendono.

• Francia - Svizzera - 63%
• Inghilterra - Russia - 49%
• Germania - Polonia - 59,2%
• Spagna - Croazia - 64,4%
• Belgio - Italia - 68,5%
• Portogallo - Austria - 54,2%

Quota totale Better per la scommessa con queste 6 coppie: 78,19. Con 10€ si vincono 781,9€ (+ bonus)

Squadra Vincente: Percentuali complete e confronto quote

Nella tabella che segue raccolgo le percentuali complete che emergono dalle risposte dello sciame e il numero di voti sul totale di 343 risposte registrate. Due parole sulla percentuale relativa alla quota. Per calcolarla uso questa formula: 1/Quota * 100. Poiché le quote sono calcolate su percentuali totali del 110% (pratica comune per garantire sempre il profitto del bookie) le ho normalizzate al 100% per confrontarle meglio con le nostre.
Gruppo A

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Albania	2	0,6%	20	4,5%
Francia	328	95,6%	1,35	67,3%
Romania	2	0,6%	10	9,1%
Svizzera	11	3,2%	4,75	19,1%

Gruppo B

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Inghilterra	300	87,5%	1,83	49,5%
Russia	25	7,3%	3,75	24,1%
Slovacchia	13	3,8%	8,5	10,6%
Galles	5	1,5%	5,75	15,7%

Gruppo C

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Germania	333	97,1%	1,33	68,2%
Irlanda del N.	0	0	23	4,3%
Polonia	8	2,3%	5,5	16,5%
Ucraina	2	0,6%	8	11,3%

Gruppo D

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Croazia	55	16%	3,85	23,6%
Rep.Ceca	8	2,3%	9	10,1%
Spagna	278	81%	1,63	55,7%
Turchia	2	0,6%	8,5	10,7%

Gruppo E

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Belgio	206	60,1%	2,15	42,2%
Italia	109	31,8%	2,75	33%
Irlanda	7	2%	10	9,1%
Svezia	21	6,1%	5,75	15,8%

Gruppo F

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Austria	31	9%	3	30,3%
Ungheria	8	2,3%	11	8,3%
Islanda	14	4,1%	7	13%
Portogallo	290	80,4%	1,88	48,4%

Considerazioni conclusive (in fase di elaborazione)

Eccovi tutti i dati raccolti nel Google Form, ho fatto uno screenshot della pagina delle risposte perché per qualche motivo GF non mi fa condividere il form pubblicamente in modalità sola lettura.
Risultati completi Esperimento Swarm Intelligence for Euro2016
Qualche considerazione conclusiva. Come potete vedere dalle risposte lo "sciame" ha teso molto a dare per favorite le grandi squadre, quelle che sulla carta e nelle quote sono di fatto le più papabili per un passaggio di turno come prime in classifica del proprio girone.
Se Europei e Mondiali ci insegnano qualcosa, però, è che questa tendenza non è necessariamente realistica. Le competizioni sono sempre ricche di imprevisti e spesso le grandi inciampano, magari contro squadre più piccole ma particolarmente agguerrite. Tuttavia passeranno anche le quattro migliori terze classificate, che non sono poche, un dato che a mio parere potrebbe favorire in effetti una sortita standard, con squadre minori a contendersi i terzi posti.
Interessante notare, a questo proposito, che siamo molto più orientati a favorire le grandi rispetto alle quotazioni ufficiali, come si può capire dalla differenza nelle probabilità fra le nostre previsioni e quelle dei bookmaker di Lottomatica.
In ogni caso questo è il responso dello sciame (bello grosso) che abbiamo messo in piedi. Viene anche da chiedersi se effettivamente il numero elevato di risposte non abbia teso ad appiattire i risultati. Forse per i prossimi esperimenti - sto pensando di ripetere la prova dopo il girone eliminatorio, per indovinare i passaggi di turno - potrei prevedere di limitare il numero di risposte a numeri più contenuti, per capire se cambia qualcosa in maniera sensibile.
Per chi volesse giocare le schedine, i risultati sono qui sopra. Il più promettente è quello delle coppie, ovviamente, perché seppure anche in quel caso abbiamo ricalcato le favorite, le quote sono comprensibilmente più alte. A voi la scelta di come giocarvele. Io proverò a giocarle entrambe così come sono, poi le varierò un po', magari con un sistema.
Ci tengo a dire, infine, che questo era solo un esperimento, un gioco che ho voluto mettere in piedi senza velleità scientifica. In ogni caso continuo a pensare, da quel che ho capito, che fra questa metodica e quella di UNU (da cui tutto è partito) non ci siano particolari differenze. Se vogliamo essere precisi, quindi, il nostro è stato un'esperimento che ha tentato di usare la "Wisdom of the crowd" più che la "swarm intelligence" (come suggerito nei commenti da emodario), con vari distinguo del caso che, al fine di quello che volevo fare io, sono francamente trascurabili.
Adesso non ci resta che aspettare il 22 giugno per vedere se c'abbiamo preso.
Mi riservo di editare ulteriormente questo post nel caso escano fuori altri spunti interessanti da una successiva lettura. Attendo i vostri commenti sul risultato. E ovviamente grazie ancora a Italy e ai mods per il supporto dimostrato e per la disponibilità.

Part 2 So, I’m here once again with my project of a FPW serial, this time, a full month plus after the first part. Obviously, this was an unusual occurrence and the first episode has already been researched and I plan to adopt a real schedule soon. In the meantime, I would be glad to hear about the countless typos that must filling the following and/or how you disagree with my conclusions.
Introduction The French Army in 1870. A lot have been written about it, and little good and with good reasons. They made a poor show of themselves in July before the fighting started in earnest, but while French-bashing is a fun activity, I feel like I must try to explain why this French Army was the way it was, give context. And since I’m a details junkie, this an over 4000 words summary of the state of the French Army in 1870. Well, one part of a two part series. Today, I’ll be looking at the personnel, leadership and organization of the French Army and next time, I’ll be talking about materiel, combat and support troops, all that fun stuff.
Context: In the post-Napoléonic era, the French Army once again became a tool of dynastic power; it first fought against a rebellion against the king in Spain, an insurgency in Mexico, colonial wars in Africa, “limited” cabinet wars against Austria and Russia and served as an internal police force, none of which required a costly and unpopular conscripted army. In that they weren’t an exception, as Michael Howard points out, the Austrians did little but face rebellions between 1815 to 1848. The first test of Prussians and Russian arms after Waterloo were against Polish rebels. The Prussian army later fought the Danes and the 1848 liberal forces in Germany. As such there was no need for extremely large and efficient armies, In post-Napoleonic Europe. It was a time for small armies made up of long-serving, politically reliable professional soldiers. Quite the change since the armies led by Napoléon and the French Revolution. At the time the European Powers, were hesitant in using the full potential of their peoples in war like the French invaders, but they did, only to forget about how as soon as possible, preferring to to go back to how things were before the Levée en Masse. All of them, except Prussia… sort of. But that’s another, complicated matter for another day. It is in this context that the army of the 2nd French Empire was considered the dominant force in Europe around 1860, after beating Austria in the 2nd war of independence italy, Russia in the Crimean War, making a better show of it than the British and fighting numerous colonial wars. Such victories imprinted what you might call “bad habits” on the French Army, in those smaller wars, dreadful logistics were overcome by the System D, as in “On se débrouillera - we’ll pull through it somehow” and officers weren’t required to be educated or technically competent, courage was enough. And anyway, the opponents of the French were obviously worse when it came to logistics and administration. The French Army was seen as the best in Europe, it’s tactics were copied like in Austria. But that was before Sadowa. Suddenly, the Austrians, favorites of the bookmakers of 1866 lost. Decisively. And France faced the prospect of fighting a triumphant Prussian Army.
I. Personnel a. Numbers Sources vary. but the French Army in 1866 was about 200.000 men. Something like half of them scattered in Mexico, Rome and Africa. With the prospect of facing a huge Prussian army, and estimates ran as high as 1.2 million men, measures had to be taken quickly to enlarge the French army.
And so was the Garde Nationale Mobile was born… sorry, reborn, since this institution dating back to the revolution was dissolved by Napoléon III after his coup as potential obstacle to his power. It was recreated as a form of local militia used to support the Army sort of like the Prussian Landwehr. In July ‘70 the French war ministry reckoned they had 420.000 gardes and of those 120.000 would be ready for deployment within 3 weeks. Obviously this didn’t mean much considering that the French mobilization was very chaotic and failed to bring the advertised numbers of men to the front. As for the numbers of the army proper. Numbers varied but there should have been around 400.000 of them including 300.000 available within 3 weeks. So theoretically, in the very best of worlds France could bring to bear 420.000 men against Prussia’s Armies, not an inconsequential number but it pales compared to what the Germans had in store. But the French thought - when they thought about such things at all- that the quality would win over quantity. Not that they much choice, the Legislature kept cutting military expenses. But was this underlying assumption, the excellence of the French soldier true to begin with? o b. Quality Let us be unfair and start with new men, the Garde Mobile. In the beginning, the idea of the Garde Mobile was supposed to be a pill easier to swallow than universal conscription, but the proposition was still unsurprisingly very unpopular for legal, economic and of course political reasons. Opponents of the proposition were, indeed, quick to point that only the legislature could fix the size of the army, that taking all the young men in the barracks would hurt economic production, that the measure would be unpopular and would only spread the “corrupting life of the barrack” into those young men. Moreover, there were military arguments, minister of war Marshal Randon opposed the measure on the ground that it would only give recruits to the army rather than actual soldiers. That last argument didn’t last long, Napoleon simply sacked Randon. The new minister, the able Marshal Adolphe Niel energetically pursued the Garde Mobile project as part of his larger reforms of the French Army. But the Legislature did its best to dilute the proposal to the point of guaranteeing the ineffectiveness of the Guard Mobile. And after the death of Niel on an operation table, the project lost it’s only enthusiastic proponent. His successor Leboeuf was said to regard it with distaste. As for its quality… let’s see: -14 days of training a yea none of them consecutive * So no sleeping in the barracks -The Gardes Immobiles stayed in their regions and couldn’t be deployed elsewhere -Officers nominated by mayors and prefects -Obsolete guns -Their NCOs were recalled regs. It would be fair to say that Awful discipline and unpreparedness made them thoroughly useless, maybe it wasn’t such a bad thing… seeing how saturated the French supply system was. Or as Howard puts it.
“Yet the only regiments to be fully organizied, those of department of the Seine, showed so revolutionary and insubordinate a temper that the Government was reluctant to set on foot any more. “To organize the Garde Mobile”, maintained many senior officers, “will simply be to prepare an army for insurrection against the Government and society.” (Howard, p. 34)
Not exactly hopeful, you’ll agree but the Garde was a support force, what about the lifeblood of the French forces, the regular army? The picture is more nuanced, but first things first. Recruitment. Yes, post-1815 the French army functioned as a professional force, there was some conscription, in the form of an annual lottery, but the practice of buying exemptions or finding a substitute meant that only the poorer classes would be conscripted. Those young men served for say… seven years to purge them of civilian habits after which they were left to their own devices and often realized they couldn’t reajust to life outside of the army meaning that they would often re-enlist. This created a group of long serving soldiers, disconnected from the civilian population, in part because regiments were garrisoned in unfamiliar areas as a matter of policy but more on that latter, in part because the military profession lost its appeal, the army was treated with contempt. cough (Not without good reason) cough. And the better elements of society avoided military service to seek more socially acceptable jobs. At any rate, long serving soldiers also meant veterans of the various wars of the past decades. Africa, Crimea, Italy and Mexico gave France experienced troops and leaders and a host of interesting habits, you’ll see. But what were they doing when weren’t fighting in some colonial/dynastic war off far away? Drinking. They did drink. And were known for this. In general they were characterized as cynical, unenthusiastic and indifferent to their officers. Punishments were frequent and this perhaps only hardened the men as discipline was still lax. There was also much talk in Republican circles about the “corrupting life of the barracks”, one more reason for them to dislike the army. Despite those issues, they were by and large good fighters and many among them were veterans. This might have contributed to hide the deeper problems. Such an army could put up a good fight, but might not be disciplined enough to recover from defeat. That’s true for the regulars, not so much the reservists who only received summary training had trouble enduring the hardship of campaign and weren’t well trained in the new rifle. I’ll like to conclude with quote from 1813 by Arthur of Wellesley, future duke of Wellington on recruitment. "The French system of conscription brings together a fair sample of all classes; ours is composed of the scum of the earth — the mere scum of the earth." Interesting how it went the other way around
By and large, then the soldiers were a mixed bag. Well, you might be interested in hearing that many officers were formers rankers. Especially in the lower ranks: Those officers showed a low level of education, though they had practical experience. They were also old, bringing up the average age of the officer corps.
Lieutenant 37 years
Captain (Capitaine) 45 years (Up to this rank ⅔ of officers were ex-rankers (Howard,1961, p.16))
Major (Commandant) 47 years (¼ ex-rankers)
(Wawro, 2003, p.37)
Promotion was decided either through seniority or au choix, at the pleasure of a superior. Seniority means that the officer promotion is totally independent to whatever talent he has. Only the time he served matters. If you have read any Hornblower or Aubrey-Maturin novels the shortcomings of this system are obvious. Now it doesn’t get a genius to guess how a promotion system based on choice from on high can be abused. And abused indeed it was. Now, if the Prussian solution to the problem of officer promotion (a secretive, nigh almighty military cabinet reporting directly to the king) is a better system, I leave to your judgement.
Not that it was the only problem… there were six officer schools in France including St. Cyr (vs. 23 in Prussia), quality was about as problematic as quantity; Palat describes the education in those terms “Noticeably weak, apart from military regulations and maneuvers, which the student knew with a pedantic exactitude, by pushing to à level we have now have trouble to imagine the cult of rote learning and of the form, they learned nothing or little more than that. A certain number of civilian teachers charged of general education classes, such as history or physics, have a level inferior to that of an average Lycée; officers are teaching military art, fortification and artillery often in the most retrograde sense, by ignoring recent progresses. The teaching staff and military instructors are more than mediocre. It seems that the staff was chosen at the reverse of common sense [...] The spirit in Saint-Cyr was that of mismanaged Collège rather than a that of great military school” (Palat, 1902, p.91)
In contrast, the École Polytechnique gave little military training itself, as the students of this prestigious school would go into the civilian workforce ASAP. The four other schools were scarcely more useful to the army.
And what did those officers do in their free time? They spent most of their time in cafés, and for the record those didn’t just offer coffee. Indeed what else to do? The disdain in which the French officer corps held education is a common theme of the histories of the Franco-Prussian War. “We took pride in knowing even the printing errors in maneuver regulations, but we were ignorant of foreign armies and our great wars “The Army ignored all sorts of intellectual works beaucoup education didn’t matter for promotions” ” (Palat, 1902, p.93) The education of French officer was such that foreign military recoiled at their conversation, according to Waldersee, who, Wawro says was no snob. It might be true, but I encourage you to read up on his career, an interesting man, this Waldersee. At anyrate, the anti-intellectual climate in the French Army was demonstrated by the failure of the Conférences Régimentaires, supposed to hear lectures or discuss recent military topics among officers, the widely accepted view expressed by Marshal Bazaine was that all an officer needed was (Bon pied, bon oeil) a “Solid footing and a good eye” (Wawro, p. 49) or illustrated by the alleged story that Marshal Mac-Mahon threatened to strike from the promotion list any officer whose name he found on the cover of a book. (Persson, 2010,p.19.) In this context, it is not hard to believe why one would write that the “French Army was dominated [...] by ‘an all-powerful school made up of soldiers as fortunate as they were brave who loudly proclaimed their contempt for the military art’ ”. (Howard, 1961, pp.17-18) They never needed it in their careers fighting in Algeria or against inept Austrian or Russian armies. Those wars saw the triumph of the French System D… over admittedly worse organized and led armies. Besides this disdain of military knowledge was not an uniquely French phenomenon. Emperor Franz-Josef expressed his preference of “Chivalrous and courageous officers” (Barry, 2010, kindle location 3868) over learned ones in no uncertain terms, general Benedek, the C-in-C Austrian Army of the North in 1866 once said “the only talents required in a staff chief are a strong stomach and good digestion” (Persson, 2010, p.19)
Heck, in the Prussian Army itself, had an anti-intellectual of the very first order in Karl Frederick von Steimetz, commander of First Army but he had many other issues, distrust of the Great General Staff being one only among the lot of them. Such was the spirit of the times and in fact, I would argue that the need for officers having military and technical training is one of the things that made the Wars of 1866 and 1870 so different from the past wars. Even Napoléonic France though using staffs at Army, Corps and Division level didn’t have to deal with the problems of mobilizing and supplying hundreds of thousands of men via railroad or to make them march in an orderly manner in so tight an area. But it is important not to overstate the need for education. Prussia didn’t require high-school diplomas from officer-candidates until after the war (and even then those requirements weren’t always enforced), only a very small minority of officers went through the murderous selection process and curriculum of the Kriegsakademie and became General Staff Officers. On the whole, the dominant opinion was that expressed by no other than Moltke himself in 1871 to the Reichstag: “more important than what is learned at school is the subsequent moral education of the man - his becoming accustomed to order, punctuality, neatness, obedience and loyalty; in short, discipline. It is that discipline that placed our army in a position to win three campaigns.” (Hughes & Dinardo, 2018. pp.18-19) And that makes perfect sense, the overwhelming majority of officers probably won't need military art or technical training in 1870 due to the warfare of the time and discipline was necessary to implement the plans of those specialists and superior commanders. It’s absence inevitably has interesting circumstances. So before I went off this small tangent, I wanted to talk about the French leadership. And ask who were those Senior Officers anyway? c. The Leadership
For the most part, Corps commanders were imperial favorites with the notable exception of Bazaine, whose background (he made it from private to marshall, you see). And his distance from the Regime after the Mexico Debacle made a favorite of the Opposition and of the Opinion. The Emperor had many contacts with senior officers but he wasn’t quite a good judge of character, to quote Palat: “sometimes courage, and more often the art of pleasing made a reputation [...] it seems even that powerful individualities left a shadow” “”He liked submissive mediocrity” for he feared the presence of a popular military man near him.” (Palat, 1902, pp.73-74)
Other sources also attest of the poor quality of Napoléon’s judgement, Howard faults his lack of a military cabinet specialized in such things or at least the expert knowledge or interest to do it himself. All of which the Prussian king had. Some choices were downright strange like the appointment of 2nd Corps Commander, Frossard former military tutor to his son and war planner in his free time, who was a competent engineer but never commanded line troops in his life before. In this context, it should come as surprise to no one, that jealousy was rife in the upper echelons of the French Army. Well, the disadvantages of promoting courtiers are obvious, like those of promoting generals trained in the “petite guerre” (small war) in Algeria. Such brave men are good up to corps level, but above? Just ask the Lion of Skalitz (hint: His name is not Henry). And at anyrate who will coordinate their movements? The Imperial regime’s answer was “Napoléon, obviously”. After all a Napoléon was to be seen leading the troops. Unfortunately, Napoléon III was a military mixed big, from what I can tell, on one hand he had a better military culture than some of his generals, as evidenced by his support of adoption of breech-loading guns and his support of the tragically misused mitrailleuse. On the other hand he has proved incompetent on the field in Italy, and this hasn’t escaped the notice of those serving under him. Additionally, he lacked the will to bring his subordinates to heel. Meaning that the French forces would be left without strong central leadership. To top it off he was suffering greatly from illness. I just want to emphasize something here, France’s high command was occupied by a notoriously incompetent, sick man. Which meant that there was no guiding strategy to the French actions and no efficient staff system to keep track of the details, more on that later.
By contrast King Wilhelm had Moltke as his strategic adviser and executant of his vision. Napoléon Ier had his own genius for advice and the very able Berthier to execute his strategic vision. Seriously, contrary to what is sometimes said Napoléon valued Berthier’s work as chief of staff of the Grande Armée (He also had a different understanding of what the job meant), for example he gave more money to him than any other marshal. Anyway, Napoléon III and his army lacked a proper staff system that would allow them to pursue the offensive operations they desired and the strategic vision and will to make it happen. In that they weren’t helped by the lack of initiative of their subordinates, during mobilization, Palat noted numerous incident where army commander in the provinces wrote back to the ministry of war for clarifications in their orders. He also gives an example during the war where a general ordered to move would reply asking about what to do with his artillery. Maybe this can be explained by… I dunno, the length of the French orders. “One typical example of those orders so larges, so full and yet so empty, so imprecise is that of the general de Failly for the movement for the 2nd August, meaning one of the secondary maneuvers for the so-called reconnaissance in force on Saarbrucken. He details what régiments, bataillons and squadrons [4 level below of his corps command!]. But he omits indicating the point of that operation: It’s objective and it’s goal. It’s not because the orders were too short since they measured 3 pages in-8° [in octavo | presumably 16 pages each]. But it went in so much details that the most important has been forgotten [Just like this episode]. He goes as far as giving everyday prescriptions: In every movement, half the roads and streets must be left free in order to allow communication to be maintain and orders communicated [...] Exploitation by the cavalry is limited to 8km” In those conditions, what’s so surprising that the troops don’t know where they go, what they do and where is the enemy.” (Palat, 1902, p.80)
A bit of long quote but I wanted to illustrate in detail how meticulous the French army was. And for the record as usual, the Prussian took the exact. Opposite. Approach. Moltke recognized that since he couldn’t know the circumstances on the field, he would give general directives to be accomplished in the manner judged suitable to the officer in charge on the field. This command-style would become a staple of German warmaking in the years to come, providing an edge to the German officers who could react more rapidly to changing realities on the battlefield, you can see successful examples of that in the second battle of Sedan, you know, the one 70 years after the first. But it can give too much free reign to the commanders on the field, risking them not following the commander’s intent. An example of that is the early days of WW1 for Germany, though new and interesting command and control problems contributed their fair share. But this video is not about the Prussian Army. You’ll hear me rambling about them more at a later date.
d. Force structure
·In terms of force structure, the French Army suffered from two major disadvantages compared to the Prussian Army and her allies: -The lack of brigade or higher level formations, the highest unit in peacetime that was used in combat was the regiment, brigade, divisions and corps were formed ad hoc during mobilization. This meant that the commanders, superiors, subordinates and staffs didn’t know each other prior to the war and had to took time to know how to work together, and in the chaos of the mobilization to find each other. There were military regions in charge of training the units in their areas but the commanders of those had to give command of their forces to other men. It also created few command posts beyond regimental commander and so many generals lost the habit of command according to Palat. It also meant that the generals of the French Army weren’t used to command combined arms formations, they used to command their own arms, and lacked experience of commanding it in conjunction with the others in battle. Niel did try to “endivision” the army but the proposal was rejected by the public opinion as a way to empower an already unpopular army.
-The other problem was the so-called extra-territorial organization of the French Army, the units garrisons were in a different region than their depots. Meaning that in theory, during mobilization, units had to come back to their depots to incorporate reservists, then go to the front. Whereas in Prussia, the army would stay near its depots and get it’s reservists on the spot before heading to the front. This organization was meant idealistically to help soldiers identify with France as a whole, seeing the variety she had to offer and so reinforce morale. More cynically, you could say that when it came to neutralise an uprising, for example, it helped that the soldiers were from a different region. The Army was a bulwark against revolution after all.
Conclusion.
To wrap all of this up, I would say that as an organization, the French Army in 1870 was pretty much a product of the 1850-1860, a force meant to fight dynastic or colonial/counterinsurgency warfare. That despite the attempts at reform by the Empire in a very tense political period, we’re in the middle of a liberalization of the Empire, the army at the core remained in many ways, the same force it had been in 1866. Going to fight another dynastic war like in Crimea and in Austria. I’ll touch more on this in my next episode but, the French seemingly felt ready for it. It should therefore come as no surprise that they were overwhelmed by the new, more demanding conflict they faced in July 1870. Next time, I’ll talk about the combat arms and support services of the French Army. The sad fate of the mitrailleuse, the chassepot and the Corps d’État-Major (You know, the fellows who failed to provide any map of France). I assume I will be done in 2 weeks, maybe more, no promises. See you.
References:
• Barry, Quintin. (2009) The Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 Volume 1: The Campaign of Sedan. Helmuth von Moltke and the Overthrow of the Second Empire
• Barry, Quintin. (2010) The Road to Koniggrätz: Helmuth von Moltke and the Austrian-Prussian War 1866
• Howards, Michael Elliot. (1961 - redited 2001) The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871
• Hughes, D.J.; Dinardo, R. L. (2018) Imperial Germany and War. 1871-1918.
• Palat, Barthelemy Edmont (Pseud. Lehautcourt) (1902), Histoire de la Guerre de 1870-1871. Available: https://gallica.bnf.fark:/12148/bpt6k64720815
• Gudrun Persson (2010). Learning from Foreign Wars: Russian Military thinking 1859-1873
• Stoffel, Eugene (1871), rapports militaires écrits de Berlin 1866-1870. Available: https://gallica.bnf.fark:/12148/bpt6k2207082.image
• Wawro, Geoffrey. (2003) The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870–1871
Congratulations, if you got to the very end.

As always, based on eurovisionworld
So, as we can see, the previous favourites in Poland, Austria and Slovenia have all fallen off from the top, being replaced by the obvious choices in Sweden, Russia and Italy, the three most consistent countries in the recent editions of the show, however we have a new number one according to betfair, with that being Belgium, another powerhouse that has a tradition of pleasing the fans: rumours of Loic returing are surely helping them, together with the fact that Wallonia is deciding on their entrant this year.
We can see that Cyprus and Croatia are holding strong, the prior can be explained by the fact that Tamta was announced as their performer.
Another thing to note is that Latvia is no longer last; maybe because the bookmakers heard Fire by the Double Faced Eels, maybe because Albania and San Marino just seem to be in worse situations. Due to Albania's entry being revealed however, we can expect some shift in their position, be it for the better or the worse.
What is noteworthy however, is that our new leader in Wallo-I mean Belgium is the only country with their odds coloured green, standing at 26/5 at Betfair which I am solely going by atm as it is the only one with all the countries listed.
What do you think about the current odds and how do you think they will change in the future? Comment down bellow!

Longtime lover of Eurovision but first time poster... these are just my thoughts...
Ukraine Verdict: Forget Forgettable song, only thing memorable is that he had a mad eye, wearing some weird aesthetic contact lens
Spain Verdict: Listen to Tom Jones vs Cardigans Instead TJ and the Cardigans burning down the house is a much more chirpy melody to listen to. Spains power ballad duet lacks emotion and a chirpy upbeat melody we actually want. The contest demands Eurovision-cheese not over-emotive and thoughtless ballads.
Slovenia Verdict: The next “Girl’s Aloud” I can’t quite identify whether this is a group of or a single artist. The lyrics are not in the queens, but seem to still invigorate the crowd. Whether this be a single artist or girl group it is catchy and sassy.
Lithuania Verdict: Time yet to come The main singer Ieva has a powerful voice, and the song is written around this, but following the lyrical story of “when we were young” seems out of place for her being relatively still in nappies. Seemed to be a song written by a 50 year old yet sung by a teenager.
Austria Verdict: Finally a token black The Eurovision song contest has been missing a black artist for many years, surprisingly it has not actually been highlighted by the press in a similar way that other sectors have. This black-ish contender needed a strong song submission if he was going to be successful and he was. The song was a strong power ballad but did not lose the euro-fun characteristics. Blending these elements beautifully, he delivered a champion challenging song placing a respectable 3rd.
Estonia Verdict: The bookies next holiday A visually spectacular dress, operatic voice and 15-1 odds made Elina a popular bet at the bookies. As the rules state the song must be original which it was but Estonia failed to present anything innovative just the same old. The bookmakers drew a lot off this acts 8th place and are now booking Antigua instead of Benidorm for the holidays.
Norway Verdict: Will be back serving Big Macs soon enough The Scandinavian Justin Bieber hotly tipped presented a mediocre entry. He may be able to play the violin, but having millennials “dabbing” (I believe it’s called) in the background is not going to wow a Eurovision audience.
Portugal Verdict: Padrão Had to attend because they were hosting… all that can be said.
United Kingdom Verdict: Overshadowed As always nothing is expected of the UK other than nil-points. But the chap running on stage and calling us all Nazi’s was the definite highlight. Shame to ruin a performers hard work though.
Serbia Verdict: Debbie Does Dallas 3: Belgrade Edition Sanja and his group of backing singers may not have achieved major success in Eurovision, but he won’t be too disappointed, after all during the run up he has had to spend a lot of time with his gorgeous backing singers. Musical chemistry was obviously devoid but the sexual tension screamed louder than Hungary’s entry.
Germany Verdict: Rip off We all know the Germans are famous for their efficiency, well they have efficiently kidnapped Mick Hucknall, reduced is age by 30 years and reprogrammed him into thinking he is German. He didn’t even do a Simply Red cover, disappointing.
Albania Verdict: Plenty of Studding and Short Skirts Surprisingly we actually had a traditional instrument playing band as an entry. It was actually a relief that we had Albania’s traditional entry but obviously tradition is not good enough falling just outside of the top 10.
France Verdict: Madame Monsieur Mundane “Mercy!, Mercy!, Mercy!” there you go… I have just given you the highlight to l'entrée. Ennuyeuse song, Ennuyeuse singers, Ennuyeuse costumes, Ennuyeuse performance. I pleaded mercy throughout the performance for it to end.
Czech Republic *Verdict: Buy the Single to encourage more silliness. * Song was good fun, dressed one of his backing dancers like a Harry Enfield Scouser, was a character throughout the night… obtained a credible 6th place finish but deserved to finish above yawning Germany and Italy.
Denmark Verdict: Too serious… I never realised Jared Leto was a) Danish and b) the front man to a boy band. During the contest they seemed to act like they were going against the grain with their take on the boyband genre. Like many musos they didn’t seem to have a sense of humour about themselves, therefore came across as too serious and pompous for the event. They seem like the type to refuse playing their old popular hits at a concert and really disappoint a crowd just because they “feel the music”.
Austrailia *Verdict: Shouldn’t have an entry anyway. * I refuse to review on principle. Imagine they win and we have to travel half way round the world to a death trap island full of convicts and life threatening fauna. Australia is not in Europe!!!
Finland Verdict: Freddie Finland Flintoff A forgettable Scandinavian entry other than the main singer was strapped to a rotating circus-knife-throwing-style-board, when the board turned to countdown 30 seconds her skirt fell down and she seemed to be more man than I am. I cannot say for definite but I would bet that if she played cricket she would have to wear a box.
Bulgaria Verdict: As flat as their shoulder pads. To compensate for my unoriginal song I should wear some “crazy” big shoulder outfit while performing. Both Equinox and Lady Gaga thought this on their debut. The latter got there first and owned it, the former now seems a cheap copycat.
Moldova *Verdict: Buy it. * There are very few nations that consistently year on year provide entries that perfectly suit the Eurovision ethos; cheesy music, catchy rhythms, camp showmanship and humorous self-awareness. Moldova is one of these rare nations; every year I excitedly anticipate their entry, this year does not disappoint. Buy this song and while you are at it buy their 2012 entry – Pasha Parfeny – Lauter.
Sweden Verdict: Keep trying. Very Justin Timberlake… but with more confusing lyrics. Sweden have had success in recent years with operatic singers mixed with a punchy dance track. They went a different way this year which is commendable, but just didn’t hit the mark.
Hungary Verdict: Been there, Finland done that. Heavy metal was a weird and unexpected genre entered into the competition by Finland a few years back and a gamble that pulled off a win for them that year. Hungary’s similar but diluted entry tried to mimic the success, but there just isn’t the mass following and appreciation of the genre to win the competition. It was good for a one off but Finland’s success will not be replicated. They were however obviously talented entertainers though.
Israel Verdict: Excellent Delivery The bookies favourite from very early in the competition. Netta is far from the supermodel singer we are used to, but also doesn’t seem to fall into the sassy attitude ridden character either. She seems to be a bubbly character that simply enjoys entertaining the crowd and as such her showmanship is on form. Her track “toy” was a Eurovision typical upbeat bubblegum-pop song. Nothing special but inoffensive and designed to appeal to a wide audience. Yes other nations performed similar style songs (see the many years of Moldovian injustice), so what makes this one so special? It is all down to the hook… catching people’s interest early will mean they are more likely to listen to the rest of the song. * Firstly Netta does not have the appearance of a standard popstar, she is (politely speaking) larger in body and less aesthetic than the norm. This does get the publics attention (think Adele or Conchita Wurst). * Combine the above with a cross-culture imagery for the performance (Chinese Gaia outfit and Maneki-neko Cats). * I have no idea what is going with the different sounds in the first 20 seconds of the track. They have zero bearing or relevance on the rest of the song, but intrigue gets the better of you, subsequently you are drawn into listening to the rest of the track.
Although the song itself is not that innovative, the way it was delivered and who it was delivered by made it popular and a deserved winner.
Netherlands Verdict: A step too far? I didn’t believe there was much countryside in Holland nor a Country and Western music scene. The little nation took a big risk with their choice. Eurovision encourages entries to try something different to stand out from the crowd. I personally enjoyed it but the people thought different finishing in the bottom half of the table.
Ireland Verdict: A good looking but diet Ed Sheeran A man and his guitar is such a popular and romanticised vision, but we have Ed Sheeran currently topping the charts weekly, monopolising on this exact musical method. Ireland trying to capitalise on this with Ryan O'Shaughnessy is just over saturation of the market. Ryan did his best, but we are currently inundated with similar performances outside of Eurovision.
Cyprus Verdict: Cypriot Cyprise Eleni is supposedly 31 and the years have been unbelievable to her. She was stunning, donning what seemed to be sequined body paint, I paid particular attention to the Cypriot performance. Earlier in the week she wasn’t on the bookies radar being offered around 100-1. But a flawless Beyonce inspired performance shot her up the table finishing 2nd and well deserved.
Italy Verdict: Lacking Italy provided a duet that seemed to be more closely related to an old Irish folksong. Eurovision is not just about the song it is about the performance and showmanship of the artist on the night, which Italy seemed to be lacking. The pair made their performance look like a chore. The vocal volume needed to be increased as it was drowned by the backing track.
I cannot understand how this song did so well.

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2. Australia - As long as the Australia casino is a licensed. Operator registered with an appropriate Australian State. Or Territory and provides a valid license of Sports betting and Lotteries
3. Austria - As long as the Austria casinos licensed by the Austrian Ministry of Finance. According to all applicable regulations in Austria and, in the case of sports betting. Also provides valid sports betting permit number issued by the state government. In at least one State of Austria according to all applicable regulations in Austria.
4. Belgium - As long as the advertiser is a company registered in Belgium. And if the online gambling activity requires a license. the Belgium casino provides a valid license number. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games, Online gambling comparison sites. As long as no online gambling takes place on the aggregator site.
5. Brazil - As long as the Brazil casinos licensed by the Brazilian gambling authorities. Lotteries, Horse racing Sites that provide information. About or a comparison of other gambling services licensed in Brazil. But do not themselves provide gambling activities that must a license. These sites may provide links to gambling services. Not operated or controlled by the aggregator.
6. Bulgaria - As long as the Bulgaria casinos licensed by the Bulgarian gambling authorities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Slots games, Sports Betting.
7. Canada - As long as the Canada casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games.
8. China - Not allowed
9. Croatia - As long as the Croatia casinos licensed by the Croatian gambling authorities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Slots games, Slots games, Sports Betting. Sites that provide information about or a comparison of other gambling services. But do not themselves provide gambling activities that must a license. These sites may provide links to gambling services. Not operated or controlled by the aggregator.
10. Czechia - As long as the Czechia casinos licensed by the Czech gambling authorities. Online bingo, Lotteries, Slots games, Sports Betting
11. Denmark - As long as the Denmark casinos licensed by the Danish Gambling Authority. Location-based gambling, Slots games, Online betting, Sports betting, Fantasy sports contests. Slot machines, Gambling-related information, such as tips, odds and handicapping. Gambling-related promotional products, such as gambling-related vouchers. Deposit bonus codes, etc. Gambling-related tutoring and educational materials. Such as books and e-books.
12. Egypt - Not allowed
13. Estonia - Not allowed
14. Finland - As long as the Finland casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games.
15. France - As long as the France casinos registered with ARJEL (Autorité de Régulation des Jeux En Ligne). Provides a valid operating license number. Operates on a ".fr" domain and publishes a warning on the landing page. And also any image ads against excessive or pathological gaming. As well as a message referring to the help and information system as foreseen by the gambling laws. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games, Lotteries.
16. Germany - As long as the Germany casino is in possession of both a valid gambling operator license. Or an intermediary license. And advertisement permission, both issued by the competent German authorities. Sports betting, Horse racing betting, Lotteries.
17. Greece - As long as the Greece casinos authorized by the Greek authorities. Casino games, Bingo, Sports betting, Lotteries.
18. Hong Kong - As long as the Hong Kong casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Lotteries, Sports Betting.
19. Hungary - As long as the Hungary casinos registered. With the appropriate Hungarian Gambling Authority. Or the State Tax Authority and provides a valid license.
20. India - Not allowed
21. Indonesia - Not allowed
22. Republic of Ireland - As long as the Ireland casinos registered. As a bookmaker with the Revenue Commissioners and provides a valid license number. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games, Online gambling comparison sites. As long as no online gambling takes place on the aggregator site.
23. Israel - As long as the Israel casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games.
24. Italy - As long as the Italy casinos registered. With the AASA (Amministrazione Autonoma dei Monopoli di Stato). And provides a valid operating license number. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games.
25. Japan - As long as the Japan casinos licensed by state-run entities. Horse, Motorboat, Bicycle and Auto Racing.
26. Korea - As long as the Korean casinos licensed by state-run or state-licensed entities. Lotteries, Sports Betting.
27. Latvia - As long as the Latvia casinos licensed by state-run entities: Lotteries.
28. Lithuania - As long as the Lithuania casinos licensed. By the Lithuanian gambling authorities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Slots games, Sports Betting, Lotteries.
29. Malaysia - Not allowed
30. Mexico - As long as the Mexico casino is an operator registered with the Secretaria de Gobernacion. And provides a valid license number. Slots games (slot machines), Bingo, Lotteries, Sports Betting.
31. Morocco - Not allowed
32. The Netherlands - As long as the Netherlands casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports Betting.
33. New Zealand - As long as the New Zealand casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games.
34. Northern Ireland - Not allowed
35. Norway - As long as the Norway casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games
36. Peru - Not allowed
37. The Philippines - As long as the Philippines casinos licensed by state-run entities. Casino games, Lotteries.
38. Portugal - As long as the Portugal casinos licensed by the Portuguese authorities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games. Sites that provide information about other gambling services licensed in Portugal. But do not themselves provide gambling activities that must a license. They may provide links to gambling services. Not operated or controlled by the aggregator.
39. Romania - As long as the Romania casinos registered with the appropriate authority. And submits valid licensing. Casino games, Sports betting, Bingo, Lotteries. Sites that provide information about, or a comparison of other gambling services. But do not themselves provide gambling activities that must a license. They may provide links to gambling services. Not operated or controlled by the aggregator.
40. Russia - Not allowed
41. Serbia - As long as the Serbia casinos registered with the appropriate authority. And submits valid licensing. Casino games, Sports betting, Bingo, Lotteries. Sites that provide information about, or a comparison of other gambling services. But do not themselves provide gambling activities that must a license. They may provide links to gambling services. Not operated or controlled by the aggregator.
42. Singapore - Not allowed
43. Slovakia - As long as the Slovakia casinos licensed by the Slovakian authorities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Slots games, Sports Betting.
44. Slovenia - As long as the Slovenia casinos licensed by state-run entities: Lotteries.
45. South Africa - Italy, Austria or Great Britain registered casinos may target South Africa. But must apply online through the specific application form for each country.
46. Spain - As long as the Spain casinos registered with the Spanish gambling authority. And provides the relevant valid licenses. Casino games, Sports betting, Bingo, Raffles, Competitions or sweepstakes, Lotteries.
47. Sweden - As long as the Sweden casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Online gambling, Online Bingo, Sports betting, Slots games.
48. Switzerland - As long as the Switzerland casinos licensed by state-run entities. Sports betting, Lotteries
49. Taiwan - As long as the Taiwan casinos licensed by state-run entities: Lotteries.
50. Thailand - As long as the Thailand casinos licensed by state-run entities. Sports betting (horse racing only), Lotteries.
51. Turkey - As long as the Turkey casinos licensed by state-licensed entities. Lotteries, Sports Betting.
52. Ukrainian - As long as the Ukrainian casinos licensed by state-run entities: Lotteries.
53. United Arab Emirates - Not allowed
54. United Kingdom - As long as the United Kingdom casinos registered. With the Gambling Commission and provides a valid operating license number. Online bingo, Sports betting, Slots games, Lotteries. Sites that provide information about, or a comparison of other gambling services. But do not themselves provide gambling activities that must a license. They may provide links to gambling services. Not operated or controlled by the aggregator.
55. United States - As long as the USA online casinos licensed by state-run entities: Lotteries.
56. Vietnam - Not allowed

Source: https://www.toponlinebestcasinos.com/

Breve premessa per dare contesto chi non avesse seguito il thread originale.

AGGIORNAMENTO 11 giugno - ore 13.30

Tre cose tre:
1) Siamo anche su Vice (grazie Federico Martelli): http://motherboard.vice.com/it/read/come-azzeccare-la-schedina-per-gli-europei-con-lintelligenza-dello-sciame
2) Ho aggiornato le tabelle qui sotto confrontando le percentuali ottenute con 343 risposte e quelle che si sarebbero ottenute limitando le risposte a 50, per capire se il numero del campione influisce sensibilmente.
3) Comprendo e capisco la reazione di alcuni dopo la rivelazione della mia identità con la pubblicazione del mio articolo. L'ho già fatto nei commenti all'altro articolo, finendo un po' downvotato (lo capisco), ma mi preme specificarlo anche qui. Questa storia è nata solo ed unicamente come idea personale, solo ad esperimento ampiamente avviato ne è venuta fuori l'idea per un articolo, dopo l'interesse mostrato in redazione. Per me sarebbe nata e finita (nelle intenzioni iniziali) come un mio piccolo progetto pazzo e un po' nerd legato agli Europei.
Ovviamente vi basti la mia parola, perché non so che altro darvi. L'unica "prova" della totale buona fede con cui ho impostato il tuo, se volete, è che ho fatto tutto con il account Reddit storico, quello che uso sempre e che non avrei avuto alcuna intenzione di doxare. Se avessi dovuto fare una cosa per il giornale lo avrei detto subito (credo molto a questi aspetti deontologici) e non penso che sarebbe stato un problema, anzi penso che sarebbe stato un valore aggiunto, visto che non si sarebbe trattato di una richiesta bislacca di un anonimo scalzacane. In ogni caso i mod sono stati avvisati in anticipo sulla pubblicazione dell'articolo e gli era già stata segnalata la situazione.

Riguardo le critiche (sempre ben accette)

Vorrei rispondere a chi mi accusa di aver usato la community per un tornaconto personale. La risposta è: mapperfavore! Secondo voi la possibilità di scrivere un articolo è commisurata al lavoro che ho messo dietro questo mini progetto? Mi sono pure bruciato un account storico e gildato fino al 2019...
Questa (il fatto che l'heavy lifting sia stato il mio) è la risposta che qualcuno ha dato nei commenti (e ringrazio) a chi accusava di aver sottratto contenuto alla community. Capiamoci, alla community sono estremamente grato per la partecipazione e la reattività, senza cui questa storia non sarebbe nemmeno lontanamente potuta esistere, ma penso tranquillamente di poter dire che qui, il "lavoro" in senso stretto sia stato il mio. E l'ho concretizzato qui, sulla community, per la community, in totale spirito di condivisione libera. Le tabelle in markdown qui sotto non si sono compilate da sole, le 2000 parole di questo post non si sono scritte da sole. Poi, e questa è una mia opinione personale sul problema più generale, io non vedo quale sia il problema quando un sito cita un contenuto di reddit e ci fa un articolo, sempre che nell'articolo ci sia decisamente un riferimento a reddit, esplicito e linkato. Non capisco nemmeno perché alla community faccia paura un'esposizione positiva come quella che questo articolo ha fornito.
Grazie per la comprensione.

AGGIORNAMENTO 10 giugno - ore 12.30.

Cari tutti, su La Stampa è uscito un articolo sul nostro esperimento, e io ne sono l'autore.
Ve lo scrivo qui (e di fatto mi doxo da solo) perché magari qualcuno potrebbe legger online ed esprimere qualche lecito dubbio sul nesso fra le due cose.
Mi preme specificare, però, come sono andare le cose. Questo esperimento è nato totalmente ed esclusivamente da una mia iniziativa personale, una roba un po' nerd che unisse l'idea di UNU e della Swarm Intelligence alla previsione degli antepost degli Europei. Poi parlandone con la redazione ad esperimento già avviato è venuto fuori che la cosa poteva interessare eccome, visto che Euro 2016 è un tema caldo. Lo specifico anche per un altro motivo: nell'articolo uso il plurale per questioni stilistiche, ma l'esperimento è tutta farina del mio sacco.
Se vi va poi procediamo a fare un altro esperimento simile alla fine della fase a gironi e magari proviamo a beccare le 8 squadre che vinceranno gli ottavi passando ai quarti.
NON è finita! Come mi è stato suggerito nei commenti, ora isolerò 50 risposte (credo random) e proverò a vedere in quel caso che risultati avremmo ottenuto. Questo per capire se porre un limite al campione ha effetti sulla previsione. Nel caso la previsione fosse diversa sarà interessante capire quale dei due gruppi (quello limitato o quello completo con 343 risposte) avrà indovinato. Dovrei riuscire a pubblicare questo aggiornamento già domani.
Qualche giorno fa vi ho chiesto di compilare un modulo online e indicare le squadre che secondo voi passeranno il turno iniziale di Euro 2016 come prime classificate e le coppie di squadre che arriveranno prima e seconda in ogni gruppo. Come previsto oggi ho chiuso il form e compilato i risultati (OP delivers!) che ho già postato nel thread originale.
Ho chiesto ai mod se potevo riproporre i risultati in un nuovo post e mi hanno dato luce verde. Sarà un po' più semplice commentare, in questo modo, senza i commenti del post precedente!
Grazie ancora a tutti per la partecipazione.

Risultati Finali

Eccoci, ho i risultati finali e li sto organizzando per pubblicarli qui. Datemi ancora un'oretta massimo e arrivano. Intanto vi posso dire che i votanti sono stati 343.
Ci siamo. Avete detto la vostra e abbiamo i risultati.
Di seguito vi presento i risultati già tabellati, ripresi direttamente dalle statistiche di Google Forms, che le organizza in maniera automatica. Poi qualche considerazione personale, a cui chiedo ovviamente di aggiungere le vostre nei commenti. Per le quote ho fatto riferimento (per comodità mia, che ho accesso al sito di) a quelle di Better, cioè Lottomatica. Quasi sicuramente non sono le migliori sul mercato.

Squadre che si qualificheranno prime

Ecco le squadre che secondo la nostra previsione collettiva si classificheranno prime del rispettivo Gruppo. Sono elencate in ordine dal gruppo A al gruppo F. La percentuale è relativa al numero di voti, ma volendo per estensione potremmo interpretarla come la probabilità (secondo lo "sciame") che l'evento si verifichi. Nel caso vogliate giocarvi la schedina con le vincenti individuate dallo sciame, giocate direttamente queste squadre.

• Francia - 95,6%
• Inghilterra - 87,5%
• Germania - 97,1%
• Spagna - 81%
• Belgio - 60,1% (Italia seconda, cfr. tabelle qui sotto)
• Portogallo - 84,5%

Quota totale Better per la scommessa con queste 6 squadre: 21,65 Con 10€ si vincono 216,5€ (+bonus)

Coppie di squadre che si classificheranno prima e seconda

Ecco le due squadre che si classificheranno prima e seconda del girone (non in ordine). Anche in questo caso l'elenco corrisponde all'ordine alfabetico dei gruppi e la percentuale ha lo stesso valore di cui sopra. Qui le percentuali comprensibilmente scendono.

• Francia - Svizzera - 63%
• Inghilterra - Russia - 49%
• Germania - Polonia - 59,2%
• Spagna - Croazia - 64,4%
• Belgio - Italia - 68,5%
• Portogallo - Austria - 54,2%

Quota totale Better per la scommessa con queste 6 coppie: 78,19. Con 10€ si vincono 781,9€ (+ bonus)

Squadra Vincente: Percentuali complete e confronto quote

Nella tabella che segue raccolgo le percentuali complete che emergono dalle risposte dello sciame e il numero di voti sul totale di 343 risposte registrate. Due parole sulla percentuale relativa alla quota. Per calcolarla uso questa formula: 1/Quota * 100. Poiché le quote sono calcolate su percentuali totali del 110% (pratica comune per garantire sempre il profitto del bookie) le ho normalizzate al 100% per confrontarle meglio con le nostre.
Gruppo A

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Albania	2	0,6%	20	4,5%
Francia	328	95,6%	1,35	67,3%
Romania	2	0,6%	10	9,1%
Svizzera	11	3,2%	4,75	19,1%

Gruppo B

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Inghilterra	300	87,5%	1,83	49,5%
Russia	25	7,3%	3,75	24,1%
Slovacchia	13	3,8%	8,5	10,6%
Galles	5	1,5%	5,75	15,7%

Gruppo C

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Germania	333	97,1%	1,33	68,2%
Irlanda del N.	0	0	23	4,3%
Polonia	8	2,3%	5,5	16,5%
Ucraina	2	0,6%	8	11,3%

Gruppo D

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Croazia	55	16%	3,85	23,6%
Rep.Ceca	8	2,3%	9	10,1%
Spagna	278	81%	1,63	55,7%
Turchia	2	0,6%	8,5	10,7%

Gruppo E

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Belgio	206	60,1%	2,15	42,2%
Italia	109	31,8%	2,75	33%
Irlanda	7	2%	10	9,1%
Svezia	21	6,1%	5,75	15,8%

Gruppo F

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Austria	31	9%	3	30,3%
Ungheria	8	2,3%	11	8,3%
Islanda	14	4,1%	7	13%
Portogallo	290	80,4%	1,88	48,4%

Percentuali ricalcolate limitando le risposte a 50 entries (randomizzate)

Nelle tabelle che seguono avete un'idea di quali percentuali avremmo ottenuto se avessi deciso di limitare a 50 le risposte, quindi di fatto scegliendo di avere un campione finito e limitato (come pare siano gli sciami di UNU).
Gruppo A

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	% 50 Risposte	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Albania	2	0,6%	2%	20	4,5%
Francia	328	95,6%	94%	1,35	67,3%
Romania	2	0,6%	0%	10	9,1%
Svizzera	11	3,2%	4%	4,75	19,1%

Gruppo B

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	% 50 Risposte	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Inghilterra	300	87,5%	90%	1,83	49,5%
Russia	25	7,3%	8%	3,75	24,1%
Slovacchia	13	3,8%	0%	8,5	10,6%
Galles	5	1,5%	2%	5,75	15,7%

Gruppo C

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	% 50 Risposte	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Germania	333	97,1%	94%	1,33	68,2%
Irlanda del N.	0	0	0	23	4,3%
Polonia	8	2,3%	5,5	4%	16,5%
Ucraina	2	0,6%	8	2%	11,3%

Gruppo D

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	% 50 Risposte	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Croazia	55	16%	16%	3,85	23,6%
Rep.Ceca	8	2,3%	0%	9	10,1%
Spagna	278	81%	82%	1,63	55,7%
Turchia	2	0,6%	2%	8,5	10,7%

Gruppo E

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	% 50 Risposte	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Belgio	206	60,1%	66%	2,15	42,2%
Italia	109	31,8%	26%	2,75	33%
Irlanda	7	2%	2%	10	9,1%
Svezia	21	6,1%	6%	5,75	15,8%

Gruppo F

Squadra	Voti	% secondo lo sciame	% 50 Risposte	Quota Better	Percentuale "normalizzata" quota Better
Austria	31	9%	10%	3	30,3%
Ungheria	8	2,3%	4%	11	8,3%
Islanda	14	4,1%	10%	7	13%
Portogallo	290	80,4%	76%	1,88	48,4%

Considerazioni conclusive (in fase di elaborazione)

Eccovi tutti i dati raccolti nel Google Form, ho fatto uno screenshot della pagina delle risposte perché per qualche motivo GF non mi fa condividere il form pubblicamente in modalità sola lettura.
Risultati completi Esperimento Swarm Intelligence for Euro2016
Qualche considerazione conclusiva. Come potete vedere dalle risposte lo "sciame" ha teso molto a dare per favorite le grandi squadre, quelle che sulla carta e nelle quote sono di fatto le più papabili per un passaggio di turno come prime in classifica del proprio girone.
Se Europei e Mondiali ci insegnano qualcosa, però, è che questa tendenza non è necessariamente realistica. Le competizioni sono sempre ricche di imprevisti e spesso le grandi inciampano, magari contro squadre più piccole ma particolarmente agguerrite. Tuttavia passeranno anche le quattro migliori terze classificate, che non sono poche, un dato che a mio parere potrebbe favorire in effetti una sortita standard, con squadre minori a contendersi i terzi posti.
Interessante notare, a questo proposito, che siamo molto più orientati a favorire le grandi rispetto alle quotazioni ufficiali, come si può capire dalla differenza nelle probabilità fra le nostre previsioni e quelle dei bookmaker di Lottomatica.
In ogni caso questo è il responso dello sciame (bello grosso) che abbiamo messo in piedi. Viene anche da chiedersi se effettivamente il numero elevato di risposte non abbia teso ad appiattire i risultati. Forse per i prossimi esperimenti - sto pensando di ripetere la prova dopo il girone eliminatorio, per indovinare i passaggi di turno - potrei prevedere di limitare il numero di risposte a numeri più contenuti, per capire se cambia qualcosa in maniera sensibile.
Per chi volesse giocare le schedine, i risultati sono qui sopra. Il più promettente è quello delle coppie, ovviamente, perché seppure anche in quel caso abbiamo ricalcato le favorite, le quote sono comprensibilmente più alte. A voi la scelta di come giocarvele. Io proverò a giocarle entrambe così come sono, poi le varierò un po', magari con un sistema.
Ci tengo a dire, infine, che questo era solo un esperimento, un gioco che ho voluto mettere in piedi senza velleità scientifica. In ogni caso continuo a pensare, da quel che ho capito, che fra questa metodica e quella di UNU (da cui tutto è partito) non ci siano particolari differenze. Se vogliamo essere precisi, quindi, il nostro è stato un'esperimento che ha tentato di usare la "Wisdom of the crowd" più che la "swarm intelligence" (come suggerito nei commenti da emodario), con vari distinguo del caso che, al fine di quello che volevo fare io, sono francamente trascurabili.
Adesso non ci resta che aspettare il 22 giugno per vedere se c'abbiamo preso.
Mi riservo di editare ulteriormente questo post nel caso escano fuori altri spunti interessanti da una successiva lettura. Attendo i vostri commenti sul risultato. E ovviamente grazie ancora a Italy e ai mods per il supporto dimostrato e per la disponibilità.